L12_The_Role_and_Responsibilities_of_a_Speaker.pptx

The role and responsibilities on how to be a great speaker

1. A Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative Strategy Affects the Following: Role and Responsibilities of the Speaker

2. Soft skills are a cluster of productive personality traits that characterize one's relationships in a social environment. These skills can include social graces, communication abilities, language skills, personal habits, cognitive or emotional empathy, time management, teamwork and leadership traits. A definition based on review literature explains soft skills as an umbrella term for skills under three key functional elements: people skills, social skills, and personal career attributes. Marcel M. Robles, Executive Perceptions of the Top 10 Soft Skills Needed in Today’s Workplace Archived 2016-08-12 at the Wayback Machine, Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4) 453–465 (pdf)

3. Berger, Guy. 2016. Data Reveals The Most In-Demand Soft Skills Among Candidates. Linked.in Talent Blog. https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/trends-and-research/2016/most-indemand-soft-skills

4. Basic Roles and Responsibilities of the Speaker

5. 1. The speaker generates an idea. The source of information or message is from the speaker and convey the idea into words. 2. The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or action. 3. The speaker transmits or sends out a message.

6. In many occasions, as a speaker, you can be a presenter. So what are your roles? 1. You need to prepare the message. 2. You have to adjust for the characteristics of the target audience, the dynamics of the situation, and your particular strengths and weaknesses. 3. Be responsible for creating the desired effect in your audience. Do you want them to be persuaded about your advocacy, or do you want them to be entertained?

7. Likewise, a speaker on whatever type of speech he delivers must show: 1)Credibility 2) Knowledge on the topic 3) Make the topic relevant

8. In showing credibility, you as a speaker must cite reputable sources, must make sure that facts are accurate, must cover the points in enough detail. It will also be helpful if you help your audience identify with you by: wearing appropriate and attractive attire, mentioning what you have in common, being friendly and enthusiastic, and relating to listeners’ situations, feelings and motives. In whatever type of speech style, speech context and communicative strategies are used, the speaker must show his credibility as a speaker.

9. To show your expertise of the knowledge on the topic, you must present accurate and complete information. Your sources should be up-to-date, reliable and directly relevant to the topic. Even if you plan to give a speech about an activity you have done, you still need to search for additional sources for your speech. By all means, you should cite and use your own experiences with the topic, but if you want to appear objective, you need to show your ideas and experiences correspond with others’. If you have variety of sound materials, you appear well-informed and more trustworthy.

10. When you are given the chance to select your topic you will speak about, you have to select a topic that holds a high degree of interest for you meaning the topic is meaningful to you. Listeners who feel at a loss for topic idea will turn their attention to their own lives and activities.

11. Shift in speech context, speech act, speech style, and communicative strategy

12. Speech Context Speaker's Role Based on Speech Context The speaker's role changes depending on the two main types of communication context: Intrapersonal Communication: The speaker acts as both the sender and the receiver of the message. The message consists of the speaker's own thoughts and feelings . Interpersonal Communication: The speaker is linked with another person or people . Communication occurs between and among people . Example of Role Adjustment Small Group Discussion: The speaker's role requires them to share ideas with a toned-down voice because the audience (other members) is close. Public Communication: The speaker's role requires them to adjust their volume and often their gestures or body language to address a larger audience.

13. Speaker's Role Across Speech Styles Frozen Style: The speaker uses a formal and respectful communicative style and generally does not require feedback from the audience. They use long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary as the language is fixed and static. Formal and Consultative Styles: The speaker must plan or frame whole sentences before delivery. They avoid using slang or informal terminologies, favoring well-documented vocabulary . Casual Style: The speaker frequently uses slang and employs informal language in an informal situation. The relationship with the listener (hearer) is closed or familiar , requiring the speaker to adjust the language accordingly. Intimate Style: The speaker uses completely private language or personal language codes (e.g., within family or very close friends). They are not concerned with grammar and do not need to use complete language/sentences.

14. Speech Acts and the Speaker's Role Definition of a Speech Act: A speech act is an utterance a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect (e.g., a promise, request, order, apology, or expression of thanks). Delivery: A speaker may convey their intended message directly or indirectly . Effect on the Listener: The audience or listeners are expected to perform an action upon hearing the speech act. Speaker Adjustment: The speaker changes their role and the way they phrase the utterance depending on the: Situation and place. People they are talking to (e.g., shifting between formal and informal language). Types of Acts: The speaker adjusts their approach when performing: Locutionary Act (the act of saying something). Illocutionary Act (the intended function of the utterance, like requesting). Perlocutionary Act (the actual effect on the listener, like getting them to comply). Importance of Credibility (Declarations): For declarations (like "I declare you graduates"), the speaker's role and position must be credible and authoritative for the speech act to be believable and effective. An ordinary speaker saying it would likely not be taken seriously.

15. Communicative Strategies to Avoid Breakdown Specific Strategies and the Speaker's Role Turn-Taking: It is essential for controlling and regulating conversations by structuring social interactions. A turn is the time a speaker is talking; turn-taking is the skill of knowing when to start and finish a turn. A speaker signals a finished turn by dropping the pitch or volume of their voice. The way a speaker manages turn-taking changes with the situation (e.g., formal conferences require a formal request to speak, or a speaker may explicitly give someone a chance to talk ). Nomination: The speaker is responsible for beginning or establishing a topic . The way a conversation is initiated (e.g., "Hey, what's up?") reflects and changes the speaker's role based on the type of audience (e.g., a close friend). Restriction: The speaker confines and limits what they can say, often in response to the communicative task.

16. Topic Shifting: The speaker moves from one topic to another , signaling the end of one part of a conversation and the beginning of the next. Repair: Speakers address problems they may encounter in a conversation, such as issues with speaking, listening, or comprehending. Termination: The speaker takes the responsibility to signal the end of the discussion .