L2 atomic structure for year 10 gcse chemistry

atomic structure lesson for year 10 gcse chemistry

1. Have a think….

2. Think big. Chase dreams. Succeed together. Key Words proton (n) neutron (n) electron (n) Expected Progress : Describe the atomic structure of elements. Better than expected progress: Explain the atomic structure of elements. Title: Atomic structure Objective : understand atomic structure and electron configuration Sunday, 16 June 2024

3. Quick Check Use your periodic table to answer the following: a. name the element in group 6 period 2 oxygen b. name the element in group 1 period 2 lithium c. name the element in group 7 period 5 iodine d. name the element in group 0 period 4 krypton .

4. The structure of the atom ELECTRON – negative, mass nearly nothing PROTON – positive, same mass as neutron ( “ 1 ” ) NEUTRON – neutral, same mass as proton ( “ 1 ” ) Everything in the universe is basically made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist. This is what they “look” like: Dalton

5. Elements If a solid, liquid or gas is made up of only one type of atom we say it is an element. For example, consider a tripod made up of iron: These atoms are ALL iron – there’s nothing else in here

6. Elements and symbols that you should know The first 20 elements Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 11) Sodium 12) Magnesium 13) Aluminium 14) Silicon 15) Phosphorus 16) Sulphur 17) Chlorine 18) Argon 19) Potassium 20) Calcium H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca

7. Compounds Compounds are formed when two or more elements are chemically combined by sharing or giving of electrons. Some examples: Glucose Methane Sodium chloride (salt) Compounds can only be separated back into elements using a chemical reaction.

8. Some simple compounds… Methane, CH 4 Water, H 2 O Carbon dioxide, CO 2 Ethyne, C 2 H 2 Sulphuric acid, H 2 SO 4 Key Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Sulphur

9. He 4 2 No. of protons, Z Helium Electrons 2 Protons 2 Neutrons 2 Number of protons Number of electrons = The number of protons is what defines an element Z is the atomic number or proton number. He Z = 2 4 2 A (mass number) = protons + neutrons

10. Subatomic particle Relative charge Relative mass Common depiction Proton +1 1 Neutron 1 Electron -1 + - Actual mass of electron, m e = 9.11 × 10 −31  kg 1836 ____ 1 Time to learn!

11. Li 7 3 Atomic number, Z Mass number, A Lithium Number of protons (+) Number of electrons (-) = Number of protons does not always equal the number of neutrons. Lithium Electrons 3 Protons 3 Neutrons 4 The charges must be balanced in a neutral atom.

12. 16/06/2024 H 1 1 B 5 11 O 8 16 Na 11 23 Cl 17 35 U 92 238 Copy these into your book. How many protons, neutrons and electrons?

13. Quick Check Answer the questions. How many protons does sodium have? How many electrons does oxygen have? What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom? What is the charge of an electron? How many protons does fluorine have? What is the charge of a neutron? What is the relative mass of a proton? What is the relative mass of a neutron? What is the charge on a proton? How many neutrons does sodium have? 11 8 Positive +1 Negative -1 9 Neutral 0 1 1 +1 12

14. Electronic Structure The first 20 elements have their electrons arranged in a simple manner: The first energy level can take up to 2 electrons. The second energy level can take up to 8 electrons. The third energy level can take up to 8 electrons.

15. Electron structure Consider an atom of Potassium: K 19 39 Potassium has 19 electrons. These electrons occupy specific energy levels “shells”… Nucleus The inner shell has __ electrons The next shell has __ electrons The next shell has __ electrons The next shell has the remaining __ electron Electron structure = 2,8,8,1

16. Electronic Structure All the Group 1 elements have 1 electron in the outermost energy level. Li Na K Rb Cs Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium 2,8,1 2,8,8,1 2,1

17. 16/06/2024 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Fe Ni Cu Zn Br Kr Ag I Xe Pt Au Hg Time to learn Fact 1: Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell (this corresponds to their group number) E.g. all group 1 metals have __ electron in their outer shell These elements have __ electrons in their outer shell These elements have __ electrons in their outer shells

18. 16/06/2024 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Fe Ni Cu Zn Br Kr Ag I Xe Pt Au Hg Fact 2: As you move down through the periods an extra electron shell is added: E.g. Lithium has 3 electrons in the configuration 2,1 Potassium has 19 electrons in the configuration __,__,__,__ Sodium has 11 electrons in the configuration 2,8,1 Time to learn

19. Show off! Describe the structure of an atom. Explain how we can determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom. Compare the electron configuration of sodium and chlorine. Sunday, 16 June 2024

20. Reflective grid Reflect – How did we do today? How could I improve? Learning Objective : Understand how to write balanced chemical equations.