Laboratory accreditation
Gift Ajay Sam
Deputy Quality Manager
Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology
Christian Medical College, Vellore [email protected]
1
Accreditation‐What? •A process by which an authoritative body
gives formal recognition that an organization
is competent to carry out specific tasks.
•E.g. Joint commission on accreditation of
healthcare organizations (JAHO), National
committee on quality assurance (NCQA),
NABL, CAP.
•India NABL authoritative body for testing and
calibrating laboratories.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
2
Accreditation vs Certification
Certification Accreditation
A procedure by which a third
party* gives a written
assurance that a product,
process or service confirms to
specific requirements.
*
Third party‐A person or a body that is
recognized to be independent of the
laboratory or parent organization.
A procedure by which an
authoritative body gives
formal recognition that a body
or a person is competent to
carry out specific tasks
(ISO/IEC guide 2).
eg. ISO 9000
eg. ISO 15189; 2012, ISO
17043; 2010.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
3
Accreditation‐Why?
Acceptance of test
results within &
beyond borders.
Greater control of
laboratory
process.
Customer
satisfaction. &
Brand value.
Customer can
easily find an
accredited
laboratory
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
4
Accreditation‐How? •NABL embraces the ISO 15189 Medical
laboratories‐requirements for quality and
competence.
•Accreditation given based on laboratories
capability to perform tests and provide
reliable results.
•Assessment based on the ISO 15189; 2012
standard.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
5
Requirements for accreditation •Create a policy document (Quality Manual).
•Appoint a Quality Manager.
•Establish the Quality Management system
•Appoint a technical manager.
•Process breakdown & QI identification.
•Monitor quality indicators and undertake
appropriate CA/PA.
•Documentation.
•Audits
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
6
Requirements for accreditation •Quality manual:
–Satisfy every clause mentioned in the standard
(ISO 15189).
–Greatest document of the QMS (Level 1).
–Describes laboratory policies, organization
structure, job descriptions and personnel
interrelations.
Note:
“Every lab policies traceable to its QM”.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
7
Requirements for accreditation •Quality Manager:
–Head of the QMS.
–Reports directly to the lab director.
–Keeps the laboratory audit fit.
–Monitors process and continuously improves
them various lab processes.
–Involved in educating and training staff.
•Education‐change the way people think.
•Training‐change the way personnel work.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
8
Requirements for accreditation •Quality Management system
–Quality: The degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfils requirements.
–Management: Plan, organize, staff, lead and
control.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
9
Requirements for accreditation •Technical Manager:
–Usually a senior technical person.
–Appointed by HOD.
–Technical workload management and work
distribution among existing staff.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
10
Requirements for accreditation •Quality indicators:
–“It measures how well an organization meets the
needs and requirements of users and the quality
of all operational processes”.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
11
Requirements for accreditation •Establishing QI & continual improvement:
–Lab process broken down to its components and
micro components.
–Identify the common failures or errors that occur
frequently.
–Log the most common errors and the reason
behind the errors.
–Appoint a person to ensure the log is maintained
and updated regularly.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
12
Requirements for accreditation •Establishing QI & continual improvement:
–Tabulate and identify the major causes for the
errors.
–Present the data with recommended corrective
measures.
–Implement the CA and measure the rate of
success of the corrective action.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
13
Requirements for accreditation •Properties of QI’s:
–Measurable in terms of numbers.
–Benchmarks should be predefined.
–Results should be subjected to statistical analysis.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
14
Requirements for accreditation
Pre analytical
•Sample collection
•Routing to appropriate location
• Registration into LIS
Analytical
•QC
•Sample processing
• Result genera ration
Post
analytical
• Result validation
• Result transfer.
Lab work breakdown structure and QI identification
Sample rejection.
Sample missing
Double poke
QC failure.
Unscheduled Downtime.
Human error.
Software crash
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
15
Documentation Indicators for good documentation:
•Approved, reviewed and updated regularly.
•Concise, legible, accurate and traceable.
•Amendments & revision are identifiable.
•Current version is available at points of use.
•Follows change control procedure.
•Obsolete documents separated, identified and
retained for defined amount of time.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
16
Documents of the QMS
Quality
Manual QSP/ SOP
Forms, checklist,
Records.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
17
Document classification in QMS
Internal documents
External documents
Records
Documents
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
18
Document classification in QMS •Internal documents:
–Documents/ reference material created by the
laboratory for use within the laboratory.
–It is subject to the change control procedures
created by the laboratory.
–It is approved by appropriate personal before
release for use by the laboratory personnel.
–E.g. SOP, QM, QSP.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
19
Document classification in QMS •External documents:
–Maintained by the laboratory for reference
purposes.
–Created by a third party and is formally published
for use.
–Not subject to the change control procedure of
the laboratory.
–E.g. ISO 15189; 2012 standard, published book.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
20
Document classification in QMS Records
•Proof/ evidence of activity.
•They have a defined retention period.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
21
Other activities •Quality Control
–Goal to identify errors before they impact the real
test.
–Also called as repeatability testing or precision.
•Proficiency testing
–Ensure the laboratory tests are accurate.
•Calibration
–All equipment's and instruments are produce
accurate results.
Department of Transfusion Medicine and
Immunohaematology, CMC, Vellore‐
632004
22