LABORATORY ANIMALS AND PHARMACOLOGYY.ppt

LAB ANIMALS AND PHARMACOLOGY

1. LABORATORY ANIMALSLABORATORY ANIMALS

2. RATRAT
ALBINO RATALBINO RAT::

Zoological name is RATTUS NORVEGICUS Zoological name is RATTUS NORVEGICUS

Small in size; greater sensitivity to most drugs; Small in size; greater sensitivity to most drugs;

most standardized of all laboratory animals; can most standardized of all laboratory animals; can
be bred (reproduction) to obtain pure and be bred (reproduction) to obtain pure and
uniform strains;uniform strains;

very sturdy to withstand long periods of very sturdy to withstand long periods of
experimentation under anaesthesia. experimentation under anaesthesia.
There are two strains of albino rat There are two strains of albino rat

1. Wistar rat 1. Wistar rat

2. Sprague-dawley. 2. Sprague-dawley.

3. FEATURES:FEATURES:
Body weight 200 -300gms
Life span 2-3years
Gestation period 21days
Breeding age 60-80days
Litter size 10-12
Respiratory rate 80-150breaths/min
Heart rate 260-450beats/min
Blood volume 50-65ml/kg
20-25ml / 200-300g

4. RAT AS AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALRAT AS AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL


Psycho pharmacological agents Psycho pharmacological agents

Assay of different hormones Assay of different hormones

Study of drugs on BP both in acute and Study of drugs on BP both in acute and
chronic studies chronic studies

For analgesic drugs For analgesic drugs

Toxicity studies (acute and chronic)Toxicity studies (acute and chronic)

Testing of teratogenicity and carcinogenicity Testing of teratogenicity and carcinogenicity

ISOLATED TISSUE PREPARATION ISOLATED TISSUE PREPARATION

Uterus, stomach, colon etc.Uterus, stomach, colon etc.

5. GUINEA PIGGUINEA PIG

Zoological name is cavia Zoological name is cavia
porcellus porcellus

Easy to keep them in captivityEasy to keep them in captivity

Docile in nature Docile in nature

Very susceptible to TB and Very susceptible to TB and
anaphylactic shock anaphylactic shock

Highly sensitive to histamine Highly sensitive to histamine

6. FEATURES
Body weight 600-800g
Life span 2year
Gestation period 67days
Breeding age 365days
Litter size 2-4
Respiratory rate 60-110
Heart rate 250-300
Blood volume 65-90ml/kg
(40-45ml/600-800gms)

7. USESUSES

For study of bronchodilator For study of bronchodilator
compounds. compounds.

In immunology. In immunology.

Study of local anesthetic.Study of local anesthetic.

Digitalis bioassay. Digitalis bioassay.

Hearing experiments(sensitive cochlea) Hearing experiments(sensitive cochlea)

Docile and resistant to hypoxia, so used Docile and resistant to hypoxia, so used
in experiments on oxygen in experiments on oxygen
consumption. consumption.

8. 
Resemble men – used in study Resemble men – used in study
of ascorbic acid metabolism, of ascorbic acid metabolism,
INH toxicity. INH toxicity.

Study of tuberculosis. Study of tuberculosis.

Screening of spasmodic and Screening of spasmodic and
antispasmodic compounds. antispasmodic compounds.

ISOLATED TISSUE ISOLATED TISSUE
PREPARATION PREPARATION
Ileum, tracheal chain, vas Ileum, tracheal chain, vas
deferens deferens

9. MOUSEMOUSE
Zoological name is MUS MUSCULUS Zoological name is MUS MUSCULUS

Smallest laboratory animal.Smallest laboratory animal.

Can be bred uniformly.Can be bred uniformly.

Cheap and easy to handle.Cheap and easy to handle.

Sensitive to small doses of a Sensitive to small doses of a
substance.substance.

Swiss albino mouse is a common Swiss albino mouse is a common
strain.strain.

10. FEATURES
Body weight 25-30g
Life span 1-2years
Gestation period 19days
Breeding age 42-56days
Litter size 10-12
Respiratory rate 90-180
Heart rate 300-750
Blood volume 70-80ml / kg

11. USESUSES

Acute toxicity studies. Acute toxicity studies.

Assay of insulin and analgesic, esp. Assay of insulin and analgesic, esp.
against chemically induced pain. against chemically induced pain.

Screening of chemotherapeutic Screening of chemotherapeutic
agents. agents.

Testing of drugs for teratogenicity.Testing of drugs for teratogenicity.

Specially bred mouse used in Specially bred mouse used in
genetic and cancer research genetic and cancer research

12. RABBITRABBIT
Zoological name is Oryctolagus Cunicules Zoological name is Oryctolagus Cunicules

Very docile.Very docile.

Easy to handle.Easy to handle.

Commonly used strain is New Zealand Commonly used strain is New Zealand
white rabbit.white rabbit.

Some rabbits with black pigment in the Some rabbits with black pigment in the
coat contain an enzyme Atropine coat contain an enzyme Atropine
esterase that shortens the responseesterase that shortens the response to to
atropine.atropine.

13. FEATURES
Adult weight 1.5-2kg
Average life span 4.6yrs
Average age for experimentation6months
Gestation period 31days
Average litter size 6-8
Age of weaning 45days
Number of litter per year 4
Heart beat 130-300
Respiratory rate 38-60

14. USESUSES

For pyrogen testing in i.v. fluids For pyrogen testing in i.v. fluids

Study of drugs like insulin ,anti Study of drugs like insulin ,anti
diabetic drugs, curare and sex diabetic drugs, curare and sex
hormones hormones

Serological work for screening embryo Serological work for screening embryo
toxic agents and dermatogenstoxic agents and dermatogens

Rabbit marginal ear vein is used for Rabbit marginal ear vein is used for
injecting drugs and for withdrawal of injecting drugs and for withdrawal of
blood blood