Laboratory Associated Infections

Laboratory Associated Infections

1. LABORATORY
ACQUIRED
INFECTION
SERANJAN B
2
ND
YEAR MBBS STUDENT

2. DEFINITION
Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs)
Defined as infections acquired through laboratory
or laboratory-related activities - whether they are
symptomatic or asymptomatic in nature.
Its result in occupational exposure to infectious
agents.

3. Inhalation
Percutaneous
inoculation
Contact between
mucous membranes
and contaminated
materials
Ingestion
ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE

4. RISK BASED CLASSIFICATION OF
AGENTS CAUSING
LABORATORY -ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
GROUP-1
GROUP-2
GROUP-3
GROUP-4

5. GROUP - 1
DEFINITION:
Biological agents that are unlikely to
cause human disease.
Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite
Non-
pathogenic
organisms
_ _ _

6. GROUP - 2
DEFINITION:
Biological agents that can cause human
disease and may be hazard to workers; but
are unlikely to spread to community.
Effective treatment or prophylaxis is usually
available.

7. GROUP - 2
Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite
Bacillus species
(except B. anthracis)
Clostridium species
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
Enterobacteriaceae
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Mycobacterium
(except M. tuberculosis)
Adenovirus
Calicivirus
Coronavirus
(not SARS-CoV)
Herpes virus
Influenza virus

Cryptococcus
Candida
Dermatophytes
Aspergillus
All clinically
important
parasites

8. GROUP - 3
DEFINITION:
Biological agents that can cause severe human
disease and are a serious hazard to workers.
They may spread to the community.
But effective treatment or prophylaxis is usually
available.

9. GROUP - 3
Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite
B. anthracis
Brucella species
Coxiella burnetii
M. tuberculosis
Prion
Hantavirus
SARS-CoV
Encephalitis virus such as:
Japanese
West Nile

_ _

10. GROUP - 4
DEFINITION:
Same as group 3 except that
Effective treatment or prophylaxis is usually
not available.

11. GROUP - 4
Bacteria Virus Fungi Parasite
_
Lassa virus
Ebola virus
Marbug virus
_ _

12. Preventive Measures
To Minimize the risk of LAIs,
Laboratories must develop a program that encompasses a
combination of engineering controls (including laboratory
design).
Safe laboratory practices.
Personal protective equipment (PPE).
Medical measures that include surveillance, risk assessment,
vaccination, and post-exposure prophylaxis.

13. SURVEYS OF
LABORATORY -ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
The largest survey of infections
was reported in 1976 by Pike, who
found that 4079 laboratory-
acquired infections were due to 159
agents, although 10 agents
accounted for 150%
of the cases (table 1).
At least 173 deaths have resulted
from laboratory-acquired
infection.

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Reference:
1.Apurba Sankar Sastry, Sandhya Bhat K.
Essentials of Medical Microbiology
2. Pike RM. Laboratory associated infections:
summary and analysis of 3921 cases.
3. Kamaljit Singh Article Laboratory-Acquired
Infections published 29 May 2009.
4. Morgan A. Pence ISID Guide to infection
control in the healthcare setting April 2018
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