Ladder Types & Safety & Requirements

Falls from ladders are a leading cause of serious and fatal injuries in the construction industry.
They PPT are to help you:
Understand the types of ladders used in site ladder requirements.
understand how to correct or eliminate fall hazards on your job sites related to ladder use.

1. Prepared by
VENKATARAJAN S
EHS Dept-Engineers India Limited
[email protected]
6369334528

2. INTRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION OF LADDERS
SELECTION OF LADDER
TYPES OF LADDERS
LADDER SET-UP
COMMON CAUSES OF LADDER ACCIDENTS
HOW TO PREVENT THE LADDER ACCIDENTS
USAGE OF LADDERS
INSPECTION OF LADDERS
MAINTENANCE OF LADDERS
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER

3. WHATISLADDER?
A Structure ,often
portableforclimbingup
anddown:consistoftwo
parallelsides(Siderails)
joinedbyaseriesof
crosspieces(Rungs)that
serveasfootrests

4. Basicallytheladdersaremadeofsteel,
aluminum,glassfiber,andwood.
ThedesignofladdershallconfirmtoIS
3696:1991.Makeshiftladdersshallnotbe
permitted.
MetalladdereitherofsteelcomplyingwithIS
1977:1975orofaluminumalloycomplying
withsuitablegradeofIS617:1975.
Allladdersshallbedesignedtocarrytheir
intendedloadsafely.
Siderails(Stiles)ofmetalladdersshallbe
sufficientcrosssectiontopreventexcessive
deflectioninuse.

5. Key factors are :
oType and Style.
oLength.
oDuty rating.
oMaterial of the ladder

6. 1.Stock ladder.
2.Step ladder.
3.Extension ladder.
4.Trestle ladder.
5.Built up ladder/fixed ladder.
6.Rope ladder.

7. Overalllengthofthestockladder
shallnotexceed10m.
Thewidthbetweenthesiderailsat
thebaseshallinnocasebeless
than290mmforladdersupto3m
inlength.Incaseofmetalladders,
metalrungsshouldbemadeofsolid
roundsteelrodsorsteelpipe
securelyfastenedtothesiderailsby
riveting,boltingandwelding.

8. Theoverallheightofthestep
laddershallnotexceed6m.
Laddersshallbeprovidedwith
andautomaticlockingdevice
orspreadertoholditinan
openposition.
Theminimumwidthbetween
siderailsattopstep,insideto
inside,shallbenotlessthan
300mmwithaspreadof25
mmforeach300mmof
lengthofspreadladder.

10. Theoveralllengthoftheextension
laddershallnotexceed18m.
Theslidingsectionshallnotexceed
twoinnumber.
Lockandslidesshallbeofsuch
designandconstructionastomake
theextensionladderequalto
strengthtoaladderofequallength
constructedofcontinuoussiderails.
Whenusinganextensiontheoverlap
ofanytwosectionasfollows:
i.Closedlengthoflessthan5m-1½
rungs.
ii.5m-6m-2½rungs.
iii.Over6m-3½rungs.

12. Trestle ladder shall not exceed 6m in
length.
The sections shall be so hinged at the
top that when the ladder is spread,
they form equal angle with the base.
The rungs shall not be less than 30
mm in diameter shall be spaced not
more than 450 mm apart centre to
centre.
The minimum distance between side-
side rails or trestle ladders shall not
be less than 300 mm.
A locking device or spreader shall be
provided to hold the front and back
sections securely in an open position.

14. Rungspacingshallbeuniformandnotover
300mmoncenters.Rungsshallberecessed
atleast12mmintorails/stiles.
Whenheightexceeds9m,landingplatformto
beprovided.
Topandbottomofbuilt-upladdershallbe
securelyfastenedtothestructure.

15. Diameter of the rope not
less than 25 mm.
Planksformingthestepsnot
lessthan38mmthick.
Rope to pass through holes
in rungs

16. Tie-off(lash)topandbottomif
nooneisavailabletoholdto
preventslipping.
Extension–extendladder3
feetabovesupportifusedto
accessrooforotherelevated
surfaces.
Extension –use the ¼ rule (for
every 4 feet in height, move 1
foot at base).

17. Wrong ladder used.
Ladder in poor
condition.
Ladder used
improperly.

18. Correct ladder selection.
Good working procedure.
Adequate ladder maintenance.

19. Whilst using a ladder:
DO:
Always have three points of contact
when climbing (two feet/one hand or two
hand/one foot).
Wear shoes with clean, non-skid soles.
Position the ladder where you can safely
reach without losing your balance.
Face the ladder whilst climbing up and
down.
Hold the side rails with both hands.
Keep your body centered on the ladder.

20. DO:
keep the areas around the top and bottom of
the ladder clean.
Spacetheladderbaseonefootoutforevery
fourfeetitreachesup.
Completely open a stepladder.
Avoid working near overhead power lines.
Maintain the ladder so that it is free from
grease or oil

21. Don’t:
Carryloadsonladderbyhand.(carry
toolsonabeltorhoisttheminabag)
Step on the top two step ladder steps or
the top three straight ladder rungs.
Use a folding step ladder in folding
position.
Have more than one person on a ladder
at a time.

22. Don’t :
Place ladders on a unstable bases such as
barrels, truck beds, boxes or uneven ground.
Usealadderwhichhasn’tbeentiedorfooted.
Throw things down from a ladder.
Place a ladder in a doorway or a passageway.
Walk a ladder whilst you are standing on it.
Use a metal ladder near power lines.

23. Before use, all ladders shall
be tested for load test. They
shall have not only adequate
strength but rigidity as well.
Metal ladders shall be
inspected at least once in
three months and all parts
checked for wear, corrosion
and structural failure.
All ladders shall be carefully
inspected, if incidentally
dropped or otherwise
damaged in use.

24. Inspectingforcommon defects
suchasbrokenrungs,splitside
rails,wornorbrokensafetyfeet,
andoilorgreasewhichcanmake
climbingsurfacesslippery.
Prohibiting the painting of
ladders, as this can hide cracks or
other weak points.
Clean and lightly lubricate moving
parts such as spreader bars,
hinges, locks and pulleys.

25. •Ladder accidents can cause serious injuries or
death.
•Youhavethepowertopreventaccidents.
•Always choose the right ladder for the job and
inspect it before use.
•Set up ladders correctly and climb them safely.
•Be careful when working on ladders and avoid
overreaching.

26. THANK YOU