Landfill Site selection

Sanitary Landfill and Hazardous waste management

1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
Coimbatore
[email protected]
IonlyfeelangrywhenIseewaste.
WhenIseepeoplethrowingaway
thingswecoulduse.–Mother
Teresa
1
17CE413
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.2 –Site selection

2. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2
Learning Outcomes
☼Landfill site selection guidelines and criteria's to follow
3.2 –Site selection

3. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3
Video Session

4. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 4
Landfill site selection

5. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL COMES LAST IN THE WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
• Large Land Required.
• High Capital Costs for Landfill facility
• Valuable Resource is buried.
• Potential for ground water contamination and Air pollution
• Capital, O&M Costs of leachate treatment.

6. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 6
Landfill site selection
Landfill is still the dominant MSW disposal practice,evenin the developed
world

7. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 7
Landfill site selection

8. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 8
Landfill site selection

9. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 9
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS VARY
Depend on the characteristics of the waste, method of operation and nature of
the landfill site
•Inert landfills
•Sanitary landfills -MSW
•Secure landfills -HW
•Monofills
•Bioreactor landfills
•Sustainable landfills
•Excavated and filled
•Excavation/Trench method
•Built up from the ground
•Area method
•Fill existing depressions
•Canyon/depression method
•A combination of above

10. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 10
Landfill site selection
Landfill Siting -the first and most important consideration
•Prevention of environmental impacts
•Reducing the cost of:
•Design and Construction
•Operation
•Maintenance
•Mostly controversial
•NIMBY/NIMFY : Not In My Back/Front Yard Syndrome
•Time consuming

11. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 11
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL SITING –SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS
•Haul Distance
•Close to waste generation from an engineering point of view;
•Location Restrictions
•airports, flood plains, wetlands
•Available Land
•perhaps for 25 years/min. for 15 years
•Site Access/Infrastructure
•capacity of the road network
•minimize passing of residences; proximity to railroad lines for long hauls.

12. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 12
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL SITING –SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS
•Soil Conditions and Topography
•cover material and excavation
•Climatological
•precipitation/evaporation for drainage and leachate control, prevailing winds for
litter and dust control

13. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 13
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL SITING –SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS
•Geologic and HydrogeologicConditions (Most important environmental
considerations)
•Ground water –Min. 2m above max. GWL
•Surface water –Wetlands, flood plains, water supply catchments
•Flora and Fauna –Avoid critical habitats
•Land ownership
•Community needs
•Ultimate use for completed landfills
•Buffer distances

14. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 14
Landfill site selection
Stages of a Landfill Sitting Process
•Define project and its needs
•Identify major environmental factors
•Identify candidate sites
•Collect and analyze environmental, economic, and socioeconomic data
•Evaluate candidates sites
•Screen candidate sites to a small number
•Collect and assess site-specific engineering and environmental data
•Decision making
Mapping of constraints
Short-listing of
potential sites
investigation on preferred sites
Ranking of sites
Final decision based on EIA and Public
Consultation

15. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 15
Landfill site selection
LANDFILL LOCATION-EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Lake or Pond > 200 m
2.River > 100 m
3.Flood Plain –Should not be built
4.Highway > 500 m from SH/ NH
5.Habitation > 500 m –Notified
Habitation
6.Public Parks > 500 m
7.Critical Habitat –Should not be built
–Endangered Species
8.Wetlands –Should not be built
9.Airports –As per Aviation Authority >
10 Kms
10.Water Supply Well > 500 m
11.Coastal Regulation Zone –Should
not be built
12.Groundwater Level > 2m from base
of landfill

16. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 16
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

17. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 17
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

18. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 18
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

19. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 19
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

20. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 20
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

21. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 21
Landfill site selection
Ranking of MSW Landfill sites -Attribute Weightage and Sensitivity
Guidelines

22. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 22
Landfill site selection
SITE EVALUATION BASED ON THE AGGREGATE SCORE
Preferred location:
1.Low Population
2.Low Alternate Land use
3.Low Groundwater contamination Potential
4.Low Permeable Soils
5.Proximity to Waste generators
6.Minimum Rainfall
7.Not Sensitive Areas

23. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 23
Landfill site selection
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS

24. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 24
Landfill site selection
Extensive Data to be considered
•Topo Maps
•Soil Maps
•Land Use Plans
•Transportation Maps
•Water Use Plans
•Flood Plain Maps
•Geological Maps
•Aerial Photographs
•Groundwater Maps
•Rainfall Data
•Wind Map
•Seismic Data

25. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 25
Landfill site selection
Extensive Data to be considered
•Subsoil Investigation –Geophysical: Stratification, GW Table and Bedrock, Soil
Properties
•Groundwater/Hydrogeological Investigation
•Depth to GW, GW flow direction, Baseline information
•3 Boreholes per Hectare of landfill area upto15m beneath base of landfill
•Topographical Investigation: 0.3 m interval
•Hydrological Investigation: Runoff water planning
•Geological and Seismic Investigation: Bedrock Profile, specially in hilly and rocky
areas

26. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 26
Landfill site selection

27. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 27
Landfill site selection
It is not enough that the best site is chosen
•A buffer zone of No-Development should be declared and enforced
•in the land-use plans, to prevent objections by future neighboursin later years
before the site life is exhausted.
•Landfill facilities should:
•minimisepotential environmental impacts;
•minimisehealth and safety risks for landfill operators and the public and
•make the most efficient use of resources onsite

28. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 28
Landfill site selection
Essential Components of Landfills to focus
1.Thelinersystematthebaseandsidesofthelandfillpreventsmigrationof
leachateorgastothesurroundingenvironment.
2.Theleachatecollectionandtreatmentsystemcollectsandextracts
leachatefromwithinandfromthebaseofthelandfillandtreatstomeet
regulatoryrequirements.
3.LandfillGasmanagementSystem(Optional)
4.Thefinalcoverofthelandfillenhancessurfacedrainage,preventsinfiltration
ofwaterandsupportssurfacevegetation.

29. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 29
Landfill site selection
Essential Components of Landfills to focus
5.Thesurfacewaterdrainagesystemcollectsandremovesallsurfacerunoff
fromthelandfillsite.
6.Theenvironmentalmonitoringsystemperiodicallycollectsandanalyses
air,surfacewater,soilandgroundwatersamplesaroundthelandfillsite.

30. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 30
Landfill site selection
INCORPORATE OPERATIONAL BEST PRACTICES
•Environmentalimprovement
•Financialassurance:aftercare
andremedialaction
•Wasteminimisation
•Wasteacceptance
•Wastepre-treatment
•Wasteplacement
•Wastecover
•Littercontrol
•Firecontrol
•Contingencyplanning
•Performancemonitoringand
reporting

31. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 31
Assessment Time
Review
Question
RecommendasuitablelandfilllocationinCoimbatoreregion
basedonthecriteriaforselection.

32. SHWM –Module 3 –SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 32