Landforms-And-Life.pdf 6th class Social Science new ncert
SandeepSwamy6
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Sep 24, 2024
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About This Presentation
Here's a description of the "Landforms and Life" PowerPoint presentation by K. Sandeep Swamy for 6th class Social Studies:
*Presentation Overview:*
"Landforms and Life" explores the relationship between various landforms and human life, highlighting their impact on settleme...
Slide Content
Landforms And Life
Imagine you are on an exciting road trip! Starting from the rugged hills of
Chhota Nagpur in Jharkhand, driving through the fertile plains of Prayagraj
in Uttar Pradesh, and finally reaching the beautiful, scenic town of Almora in
Uttarakhand. On this journey, you will witness the fascinating variety of
landscapes, each unique and awe-inspiring. These different types of land
are called landforms. A landform is a natural feature on the Earth's surface,
like mountains, plateaus, and plains. These landforms are not just beautiful
to look at; they also have a big impact on the environment and the way we
live. Landforms have taken millions of years to form, shaped by natural
forces like wind, water, and the movement of the Earth's crust. So,
landforms are not just shapes on the ground; they are important parts of our
planet that affect how we live, the climate we experience, and the
biodiversity around us.
by sandeep swamy
Imagine you are on an exciting road trip! Starting from the rugged hills of
Chhota Nagpur in Jharkhand, driving through the fertile plains of Prayagraj
in Uttar Pradesh, and finally reaching the beautiful, scenic town of Almora in
Uttarakhand. On this journey, you will witness the fascinating variety of
landscapes, each unique and awe-inspiring. These different types of land
are called landforms. A landform is a natural feature on the Earth's surface,
like mountains, plateaus, and plains. These landforms are not just beautiful
to look at; they also have a big impact on the environment and the way we
live. Landforms have taken millions of years to form, shaped by natural
forces like wind, water, and the movement of the Earth's crust. So,
landforms are not just shapes on the ground; they are important parts of our
planet that affect how we live, the climate we experience, and the
biodiversity around us.
by sandeep swamy
Mountains
Definition
Mountains are tall landforms that stand much higher than the
surrounding land. You can recognize a mountain by its wide base,
steep sides, and narrow top. Some mountains are so tall that they are
covered with snow.
Snow Melt
In the summer, the snow on lower mountains melts, turning into water
that feeds rivers. On higher mountains, the snow might never melt,
keeping them covered in snow all year long.
Mountain Ranges
Most mountains in the world are part of mountain ranges, which are
long chains of mountains. Examples include the Himalayas in Asia, the
Alps in Europe, and the Andes in South America.
Notable Peaks
Mount Everest, located between Tibet (China) and Nepal, and
Kanchenjunga, between Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, are the
two highest peaks in the Himalayas.
Definition
Mountains are tall landforms that stand much higher than the
surrounding land. You can recognize a mountain by its wide base,
steep sides, and narrow top. Some mountains are so tall that they are
covered with snow.
Snow Melt
In the summer, the snow on lower mountains melts, turning into water
that feeds rivers. On higher mountains, the snow might never melt,
keeping them covered in snow all year long.
Mountain Ranges
Most mountains in the world are part of mountain ranges, which are
long chains of mountains. Examples include the Himalayas in Asia, the
Alps in Europe, and the Andes in South America.
Notable Peaks
Mount Everest, located between Tibet (China) and Nepal, and
Kanchenjunga, between Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, are the
two highest peaks in the Himalayas.
Famous Mountains Around the World
1Mount Aconcagua
In South America, Mount Aconcagua is the highest
peak of the Andes.
2Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro in eastern Africa is a tall, isolated
mountain not part of any range.
3
Mont Blanc
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps in
Western Europe.
4
Anamudi
Anamudi, also known as 'Anai Peak,' is the highest
mountain in South India, located in Kerala.
1Mount Aconcagua
In South America, Mount Aconcagua is the highest
peak of the Andes.
2Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro in eastern Africa is a tall, isolated
mountain not part of any range.
3
Mont Blanc
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps in
Western Europe.
4
Anamudi
Anamudi, also known as 'Anai Peak,' is the highest
mountain in South India, located in Kerala.
Mountain Formation and Age
Young Mountains
Mountains with tall, sharp peaks like
the Himalayas are considered
'young,' meaning they formed
recently in Earth's history, although
that still means millions of years
ago!
Old Mountains
Older mountains, like the Aravalli
Range, have shorter and more
rounded peaks because they have
been worn down by erosion over
time.
Growing Mountains
Some mountains, like the Himalayas,
are still growing in height due to
ongoing natural processes.
Young Mountains
Mountains with tall, sharp peaks like
the Himalayas are considered
'young,' meaning they formed
recently in Earth's history, although
that still means millions of years
ago!
Old Mountains
Older mountains, like the Aravalli
Range, have shorter and more
rounded peaks because they have
been worn down by erosion over
time.
Growing Mountains
Some mountains, like the Himalayas,
are still growing in height due to
ongoing natural processes.
Mountain Ecosystems
1
Montane Forests
Mountain slopes are often covered with a special type of
forest called montane forest. In these forests, you will find
many tall, cone-shaped trees like pines, firs, spruce, and
deodar.
2
Tree Adaptations
These trees have thin, pointed leaves that help them survive
in the cooler mountain climate.
3
Higher Altitudes
As you go higher up the mountain, the trees start to
disappear, and instead, you'll find grasses, mosses, and
lichen growing.
1
Montane Forests
Mountain slopes are often covered with a special type of
forest called montane forest. In these forests, you will find
many tall, cone-shaped trees like pines, firs, spruce, and
deodar.
2
Tree Adaptations
These trees have thin, pointed leaves that help them survive
in the cooler mountain climate.
3
Higher Altitudes
As you go higher up the mountain, the trees start to
disappear, and instead, you'll find grasses, mosses, and
lichen growing.
Mountain Wildlife
Birds
Golden eagle and
peregrine falcon are some
of the birds found in
mountain ecosystems.
Predators
Canadian lynx, snow
leopard, and grey fox are
predators adapted to
mountain life.
Herbivores
Ibex, Himalayan tahr,
mountain hare, and yak are
herbivores found in
mountainous regions.
Omnivores
Black bears are omnivores
that have adapted to the
unique mountain
environment.
Birds
Golden eagle and
peregrine falcon are some
of the birds found in
mountain ecosystems.
Predators
Canadian lynx, snow
leopard, and grey fox are
predators adapted to
mountain life.
Herbivores
Ibex, Himalayan tahr,
mountain hare, and yak are
herbivores found in
mountainous regions.
Omnivores
Black bears are omnivores
that have adapted to the
unique mountain
environment.
The Himalayas In Ancient
Poetry
These verses are from a poem written by Kalidasa, a famous poet who
lived over 1,500 years ago in ancient India. The poem, Kumarasambhava,
starts by praising the Himalayas. The poem describes the Himalayas as a
mighty mountain range that stretches from the west to the east, almost
like a living god that covers the Earth. The wind that blows from the
Himalayas carries the mist from the Ganga River, makes the deodar trees
shake, and causes the peacocks to spread their feathers. The cool
breeze also refreshes the mountain people after they go hunting.
Poetry
These verses are from a poem written by Kalidasa, a famous poet who
lived over 1,500 years ago in ancient India. The poem, Kumarasambhava,
starts by praising the Himalayas. The poem describes the Himalayas as a
mighty mountain range that stretches from the west to the east, almost
like a living god that covers the Earth. The wind that blows from the
Himalayas carries the mist from the Ganga River, makes the deodar trees
shake, and causes the peacocks to spread their feathers. The cool
breeze also refreshes the mountain people after they go hunting.
Life In The Mountains
1
Terrain and Farming
Mountain terrain is usually rough and has steep slopes, so
regular farming is mostly done in some valleys. Terrace
farming is practiced by cutting steps into the slopes for
cultivation.
2
Herding and Tourism
In many mountainous areas, herding animals is more common
than farming. Tourism is a major source of income in the
mountains because people are attracted to the fresh air and
beautiful scenery.
3
Tourist Activities
Tourists often visit for activities like skiing, hiking,
mountaineering, and paragliding. People have also been
visiting mountains for religious pilgrimages for many
centuries.
4
Environmental Concerns
However, too many visitors can harm the delicate mountain
environment, making it important to find a balance.
1
Terrain and Farming
Mountain terrain is usually rough and has steep slopes, so
regular farming is mostly done in some valleys. Terrace
farming is practiced by cutting steps into the slopes for
cultivation.
2
Herding and Tourism
In many mountainous areas, herding animals is more common
than farming. Tourism is a major source of income in the
mountains because people are attracted to the fresh air and
beautiful scenery.
3
Tourist Activities
Tourists often visit for activities like skiing, hiking,
mountaineering, and paragliding. People have also been
visiting mountains for religious pilgrimages for many
centuries.
4
Environmental Concerns
However, too many visitors can harm the delicate mountain
environment, making it important to find a balance.
Inspiring Mountain Climbers
Bachendri Pal: A Pioneer in Women's
Climbing
Bachendri Pal started climbing mountains when she was
young and led many women's climbing expeditions. She
became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in
1984 and was awarded the Padma Shri that same year
and the Padma Bhushan in 2019.
Arunima Sinha: Overcoming Adversity
Arunima Sinha lost a leg in an accident at age 31. With
Bachendri Pal's support and training, she climbed Mount
Everest in 2013 and later climbed the highest peaks on
every continent, including Mount Vinson in Antarctica.
She received the Padma Shri in 2015.
Bachendri Pal: A Pioneer in Women's
Climbing
Bachendri Pal started climbing mountains when she was
young and led many women's climbing expeditions. She
became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in
1984 and was awarded the Padma Shri that same year
and the Padma Bhushan in 2019.
Arunima Sinha: Overcoming Adversity
Arunima Sinha lost a leg in an accident at age 31. With
Bachendri Pal's support and training, she climbed Mount
Everest in 2013 and later climbed the highest peaks on
every continent, including Mount Vinson in Antarctica.
She received the Padma Shri in 2015.
Sacred Mountains Around
The World
Mount Everest
Mount Everest, the highest mountain at 8,849 meters, is known by
different names. Tibetans call it 'Chomolungma,' meaning 'Mother
Goddess of the World,' and worship it. Nepalis call it 'Sagarmatha,'
meaning 'Goddess of the Sky.'
Mount Kailash
Mount Kailash in Tibet is also considered sacred by people who follow
Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Bon (an ancient Tibetan religion).
Global Reverence
Respect for mountains as holy places is common in India and many
other parts of the world.
The World
Mount Everest
Mount Everest, the highest mountain at 8,849 meters, is known by
different names. Tibetans call it 'Chomolungma,' meaning 'Mother
Goddess of the World,' and worship it. Nepalis call it 'Sagarmatha,'
meaning 'Goddess of the Sky.'
Mount Kailash
Mount Kailash in Tibet is also considered sacred by people who follow
Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Bon (an ancient Tibetan religion).
Global Reverence
Respect for mountains as holy places is common in India and many
other parts of the world.
Plateaus
1Definition
A plateau is a landform that stands higher than the land around it and
has a flat top. Some of its sides are steep. Like mountains, plateaus
can be old or young in the Earth's history.
2
Notable Examples
The Tibetan Plateau is the largest and highest plateau in the world,
and the Deccan Plateau is another well-known example. Plateaus
can vary in height from a few hundred meters to several thousand
meters.
3
Mineral Wealth
Plateaus are rich in minerals, which is why mining is a major activity
in these areas. For example, the East African Plateau is famous for
gold and diamond mining, and in India, the Chhota Nagpur Plateau
has large reserves of iron, coal, and manganese.
4
Diverse Environments
The environment on plateaus is diverse. Many plateaus have rocky
soil, which makes farming difficult. However, lava plateaus (formed
by volcanic activity) often have rich black soil that is good for
farming.
1Definition
A plateau is a landform that stands higher than the land around it and
has a flat top. Some of its sides are steep. Like mountains, plateaus
can be old or young in the Earth's history.
2
Notable Examples
The Tibetan Plateau is the largest and highest plateau in the world,
and the Deccan Plateau is another well-known example. Plateaus
can vary in height from a few hundred meters to several thousand
meters.
3
Mineral Wealth
Plateaus are rich in minerals, which is why mining is a major activity
in these areas. For example, the East African Plateau is famous for
gold and diamond mining, and in India, the Chhota Nagpur Plateau
has large reserves of iron, coal, and manganese.
4
Diverse Environments
The environment on plateaus is diverse. Many plateaus have rocky
soil, which makes farming difficult. However, lava plateaus (formed
by volcanic activity) often have rich black soil that is good for
farming.
Waterfalls on Plateaus
Hundru Falls
Located on the Subarnarekha River in
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Jog Falls
On the Sharavati River in the Western
Ghats.
Nohkalikai Falls
In Meghalaya, which drops 340
meters from the Cherrapunji Plateau.
Hundru Falls
Located on the Subarnarekha River in
the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Jog Falls
On the Sharavati River in the Western
Ghats.
Nohkalikai Falls
In Meghalaya, which drops 340
meters from the Cherrapunji Plateau.
The Tibetan And Deccan Plateaus
Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau is very high, with an average height
of 4,500 meters, which is why it's called the 'Roof of the
World.' It stretches about 2,500 kilometers from east to
west, which is the same distance as from Chandigarh to
Kanyakumari.
Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau in central and southern India is one
of the oldest plateaus in the world, formed by volcanic
activity millions of years ago.
Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau is very high, with an average height
of 4,500 meters, which is why it's called the 'Roof of the
World.' It stretches about 2,500 kilometers from east to
west, which is the same distance as from Chandigarh to
Kanyakumari.
Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau in central and southern India is one
of the oldest plateaus in the world, formed by volcanic
activity millions of years ago.
Plains
Definition
Plains are large areas of flat or gently rolling land
without any significant hills or deep valleys. They are
usually no more than 300 meters above sea level.
Floodplains
One special type of plain is called a floodplain.
Floodplains are formed by rivers that come from
mountain ranges. These rivers carry tiny particles of
rock, sand, and silt, known as sediments, down to the
plains.
Fertile Soil
When the rivers deposit these sediments, the soil
becomes very fertile, making it perfect for growing all
kinds of crops. Because of this, agriculture is a major
activity in plains.
Biodiversity
Additionally, plains are home to a wide variety of
plants and animals.
Definition
Plains are large areas of flat or gently rolling land
without any significant hills or deep valleys. They are
usually no more than 300 meters above sea level.
Floodplains
One special type of plain is called a floodplain.
Floodplains are formed by rivers that come from
mountain ranges. These rivers carry tiny particles of
rock, sand, and silt, known as sediments, down to the
plains.
Fertile Soil
When the rivers deposit these sediments, the soil
becomes very fertile, making it perfect for growing all
kinds of crops. Because of this, agriculture is a major
activity in plains.
Biodiversity
Additionally, plains are home to a wide variety of
plants and animals.
Life In The Plains
1
Ancient Civilizations
Thousands of years ago, the first civilizations developed
near rivers in fertile plains. Even today, many people live in
plains because they are good for farming and other
activities.
2
Ganga Plain
In India, about 400 million people live in the Ganga plain, also
known as the 'Gangetic plain.' People in this region mainly
work in farming and river fishing.
3
Agriculture
They grow food crops like rice, wheat, maize, barley, and
millets, as well as fiber crops like cotton, jute, and hemp.
Traditionally, farming relied on rainfall for water, but in recent
years, irrigation has become common, with water brought to
fields through canals or pumped from the ground.
4
Challenges
While irrigation has helped increase crop production, it has
also caused a decrease in groundwater levels, which is a
concern for the future. The Ganga plains also face
challenges like high population and pollution.
1
Ancient Civilizations
Thousands of years ago, the first civilizations developed
near rivers in fertile plains. Even today, many people live in
plains because they are good for farming and other
activities.
2
Ganga Plain
In India, about 400 million people live in the Ganga plain, also
known as the 'Gangetic plain.' People in this region mainly
work in farming and river fishing.
3
Agriculture
They grow food crops like rice, wheat, maize, barley, and
millets, as well as fiber crops like cotton, jute, and hemp.
Traditionally, farming relied on rainfall for water, but in recent
years, irrigation has become common, with water brought to
fields through canals or pumped from the ground.
4
Challenges
While irrigation has helped increase crop production, it has
also caused a decrease in groundwater levels, which is a
concern for the future. The Ganga plains also face
challenges like high population and pollution.
Cultural Significance of
Rivers
1Sacred Sites
Rivers have always held cultural importance. Many communities
consider a river's source or the place where rivers meet to be
sacred.
2Festivals and Ceremonies
In India, many festivals and ceremonies are held at these locations.
3Economic Importance
Because plains have a gentle slope, rivers are easy to navigate,
which supports economic activities. In the past, people used rivers to
travel, and even today, some stretches of the Ganga are still used for
boat travel.
Rivers
1Sacred Sites
Rivers have always held cultural importance. Many communities
consider a river's source or the place where rivers meet to be
sacred.
2Festivals and Ceremonies
In India, many festivals and ceremonies are held at these locations.
3Economic Importance
Because plains have a gentle slope, rivers are easy to navigate,
which supports economic activities. In the past, people used rivers to
travel, and even today, some stretches of the Ganga are still used for
boat travel.
Conclusion and Key Words
Diverse Landforms
In this, we learned about the three main types of landforms. However,
the Earth's surface is very complex, and there are other landforms too,
like deserts. Deserts are large, dry areas with little rain and unique
plants and animals. Some deserts, like the Sahara in Africa and the Thar
in India, are hot, while others, like the Gobi Desert in Asia, are cold.
Some experts even consider Antarctica a desert.
Human Adaptation
Even though deserts have tough living conditions, people have adapted
to them. For example, communities in the Thar Desert in India have rich
cultural traditions, including folk songs and stories about the desert.
The different ways people have made all kinds of landforms their home
show how adaptable and resilient we are.
Key Words
Altitude, Precipitation, Montane forest, Moss, Lichen, Terrain, Valley,
Flash flood, Landslide, Avalanche, Cloudburst, Sea level, Confluence,
Resilience
Diverse Landforms
In this, we learned about the three main types of landforms. However,
the Earth's surface is very complex, and there are other landforms too,
like deserts. Deserts are large, dry areas with little rain and unique
plants and animals. Some deserts, like the Sahara in Africa and the Thar
in India, are hot, while others, like the Gobi Desert in Asia, are cold.
Some experts even consider Antarctica a desert.
Human Adaptation
Even though deserts have tough living conditions, people have adapted
to them. For example, communities in the Thar Desert in India have rich
cultural traditions, including folk songs and stories about the desert.
The different ways people have made all kinds of landforms their home
show how adaptable and resilient we are.
Key Words
Altitude, Precipitation, Montane forest, Moss, Lichen, Terrain, Valley,
Flash flood, Landslide, Avalanche, Cloudburst, Sea level, Confluence,
Resilience
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