Landscape architecture : Natural and Man made

# What is Landscape Architecture?
# Difference between landscape planning, landscape Design and landscape management.
# Natural Landscape
# Man-Modified Landscape.
# Man-Made Landscape

1. WHAT is LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ?

2. The definition of landscape architecture
according to the International Federation of
Landscape Architecture (IFLA) is
“A profession and academic discipline that
employs principles of art and the physical and
social sciences to the processes of environmental
planning, design and conservation, which serve
to ensure the long-lasting improvement,
sustainability and harmony of natural and cultural
systems or landscape parts thereof, as well as the
design of outdoor spaces with consideration of
their aesthetic, functional and ecological aspects
“
Within this broad definition of landscape
architecture there are three areas of activity:
landscape planning, landscape Designand
landscape management.
Aerial view of Central Park New York City

3. Landscape planningis concerned with the long-
term development and preservation of natural
and cultural landscapes by implementation of
strategic goal-oriented concepts and allocation
of types of land use.
Landscape design deals with form and meaning
and is concerned with the organisation of a
physical, functional and aesthetic arrangement
of a variety of structural elements to achieve
desired social, cultural and ecological outcomes.
Landscape management is concerned with the
conservation and enhancement of the long-term
beneficial use of landscape resources as well as
its heterogeneity, character, and beauty.
Landmark landscape planning

4. NATURAL LANDSCAPES

5. THE WALK
RHONE VALLEY, SWITZERLAND

6. THE LAKES
LAKE DISTRICT, ENGLAND

7. THE ISLAND
KO BULON LEH, THAILAND

8. THE MOUNTAINS
DRAKENSBERG, SOUTH AFRICA

9. THE BEACH
TOFINO, CANADA

10. THE HOT SPRINGS
PAMMUKALE, TURKEY

11. THE REMOTE PLACE
WUTAI MOUNTAINS, CHINA

12. THE TALLEST TREES
REDWOOD FOREST, CALIFORNIA, US

13. THE FOREST
BLACK FOREST, GERMANY

14. MAN MODIFIED LANDSCAPES

15. LONGSHENG RICE TERRACE, CHINA
Known as Dragon’s Backbone,
these stunning terraced rice
fields owe their name to their
shape, which resembles the
scales on a dragon’s back.
Located about 100 kilometres
from Guilin, China; these
terraced fields are built along
the mountain slope, winding
from the riverside up to the
mountain-top, positioned
between 600 metres and 800
metres above sea level.
LongshengRice Terrace dates
back to Yuan and Ming
Dynasty and is a testimony to
the brilliant farming and
engineering efforts of the
indigenous Zhuangpeople.

16. LAKE POWELL, USA
Lake Powell, is a sparkling
gem in the desert, with its
bright blue waters, and
soaring red sandstone cliffs,
and towering rock
formations.This incredible
artificial lake was created by
flooding theColorado
RiverinGlen Canyonduring
the construction of Glen
Canyon Dam. Straddling
between the borders of
Arizona and Utah, Lake Powell
is a popular tourist destination
known for adventure tours
likehelicopterrides, river
rafting, jeep or all-terrain
vehicle drives. It also offers
camping, nature hiking, water
sports, bird watching,
houseboat experience, etc.

17. FLY GEYSER, USA
Located on a private land in
the middle of the Nevada
desert, Fly Geyser, also
known asFly Ranch Geyser,
is one of the most incredible
sights in Nevada. Fly Geyser
is not a natural
phenomenon, but a man-
made landform, which was
accidentally created in 1964
as the result of a test drill for
water. The brilliant red and
green colouring on the
mounds comes from
thermophilicalgae. The
gushing water reaches a
height of 5 feet in the air,
making it one of the striking
and accidental manmade
landforms in the world.

18. BIG HOLE, SOUTH AFRICA
Kimberley is the home to
South Africa’s rich diamond
mines and processing
industry. It’s also known for
its unique manmade
landform –The Big Hole. This
is the site where the first
diamond was discovered in
1869, heralding a diamond
mining rush in the country.
The Big Hole covers 170,000
square metersand reaches
a depth of 240 meters. Now
defunct, it yielded three
tons of diamonds. This
incredible and largest
manmade pit in the world
was excavated all by
human hands and basic
digging tools.

19. BIG HOLE, SOUTH AFRICA
Today, this abandoned
diamond mine is part of a
museum. It has open-air
viewing platforms, original
houses, offices and shops,
mock diamond diggings,
interactive displays,
several reconstructions of
old and iconic businesses
and houses.

20. INDIGO LAKE, USA
Located in Summit
County, Ohio,
theIndigo Lakeis
part of theCuyahoga
Valley National
Park. This small,
colourful, triangular
shaped lake is an
artificial landform
created by flooding
the original site of
Graystonequarry, a
gravel and sand pit.
Park service personnel
have further ensured
constant water supply
to this lake by
channelling several
water springs
available in the area.

21. INDIGO LAKE, USA
Swimming is banned
in the lake, but
recreational fishing is
one of the most
popular things to do
inIndigo Lake. The
lake also serves as a
training point for the
Akron Fire
Department to
practice under-ice
rescue techniques
each winter.

22. LAKE PIVA, MONTENEGRO
Lake Pivais the highest
elevated artificial
reservoir of fresh water
in Europe, located in
Northern Montenegro.
This stunning emerald
green lake is one of the
famous manmade
landforms of Europe,
formed after the
construction ofMratinje
DamonPivaRiver.

23. Spread over 45
kilometres and
situated 675 metres
above sea level, Piva
Lake dominates the
heart of the
region.Pluzine, a
picturesque small
town situated on the
shore of Pivalake,
surrounded by the
peaks of Durmitor,
Volujakand Ledenica,
is the gateway to the
lake and the starting
point of several
cruises.
LAKE PIVA, MONTENEGRO

24. HONGHE HANI RICE TERRACES, CHINA
Every photographer’s
dream, the
stunningHongheHani
Rice Terracesof
Yunnan, China are
among the country’s
famed landscapes.
Covering an area of
1,000,000 acres, the
famed rice terraces of
HongeHani look like a
painting from above
but are actually a man-
made landform. The
1,200-year-old rice
terraces were created
to irrigate farm fields
positioned along the
side of hills using
farming slopes.

25. The rice terraces
incorporate 82 local
villages with an
elaborate network of
farming system,
animal husbandry
and comprising four
counties of Yunnan –
Yuanyang,
Honghe,Jinpin, and
Lvchun. One of
China’s UNESCO
World Heritage Sites,
HongheHani Rice
Terraces are among
the most picturesque
manmade landforms
in the world.
HONGHE HANI RICE TERRACES, CHINA

26. PROVIDENCE CANYON, GEORGIA
Known as the ‘Little Grand
Canyon’, theProvidence
Canyonin the US State of
Georgia is a delightful and
colourful landscape. Its
considered as one of the
“Seven Natural Wonders of
Georgia” and is
completelymanmadelandf
orm. Surprisingly poor farming
practices and soil erosion
resulted in such dramatic
craggy, rugged, and
colourful canyon.

27. Today, you can see
gullies as deep as 150
feet and rare Plumleaf
Azalea that grows and
blooms during July
and August. The
canyon’s pink,
orange, red and
purple coloured soil
looks like a delightful
painting.
PROVIDENCE CANYON, GEORGIA

28. BANAUE RICE TERRACES, PHILIPPINES
The sprawlingBanaue
Rice Terracesof
Philippines are one of the
key cultural delights of the
Southeast Asian country.
Thesemanmaderice
terracesdateback to
2000 –6000 years
andareconsidered as the
“Eighth Wonder of the
World”, bythe Philippines.
Carved into the province
of Ifugaoin theCordillera
Mountainsby ancestors of
the local tribe, this site
sports a terrific blend
ofeconomic, social,
cultural, and religious
environment.

29. To conserve this unusual
manmade landform,
UNESCO has listed it
amongst the
endangered World
Heritage sites. It’s the
greatest achievement of
the Ifugaopeople,
known for their wood
carving and creating
terrace farming skills.
BANAUE RICE TERRACES, PHILIPPINES

30. MAN MADE LANDSCAPES

31. PATIO DE LOS NARANJOS
Located within the Mosque
of Córdoba (or Mezquitade
Córdoba, as it is known in
Spanish), southern Spain,
the Patio de los Naranjosis
thought to be one of the
oldest gardens in Europe.
It was established at the
time of the Great Mosque’s
initial construction in 784.
Originally containing plants
such as pomegranate,
cypress, and palm trees, the
garden today is comprised
of a simple grid of orange
trees —98 to be exact —
planted in rows dating
back at least to the end of
the 18th century.

32. The Piazza del Campo
Siena, Italy’s 700-year-old
plaza is one of Europe’s
great public spaces.
Originally the site of a
Roman forum, the square
has acted as the cultural
heart of the city since the
construction of the town
hall in the 12th century. “Il
Campo”, as the Sienese
call it, functions superbly as
a civic and social space
because of its active
edges and affordability
toward social gatherings
and interaction.
Renowned Danish
architect and urban
designer Jan Gehllauds.

33. CHANDIGARH CAPITOL
COMPLEX
located in the sector-1
ofChandigarhcity inIndia,
is a government
compound designed by
the architectLe
Corbusierand is
aUNESCOWorld Heritage
Site.
It is spread over an area of
around 100 acres and is a
prime manifestation of
Chandigarh's architecture.

35. It comprises three buildings,
three monuments and a
lake, including thePalace
of Assembly or Legislative
Assembly,Secretariat,High
Court,Open Hand
Monument, Geometric Hill
and Tower of Shadows.
It was added in UNESCO
World Heritage Site List in
2016.

36. ROCK GARDEN, JAPAN
The rock garden at Ryōan-
jiTemple in Kyoto, Japan, is
considered one of the
finest surviving examples of
kare-sansui, or dry
landscape garden.
It is not known exactly who
designed the Ryōan-ji
Garden, nor exactly when.
Speculations regarding this
date range between the
late 15th and 17th
centuries. The garden itself
is gracefully simple: An
encircling wall of earth
and clay frames 15 rocks
arranged in a rectangle of
raked white gravel.

37. ROCK GARDEN, CHANDIGARH

38. ROCK GARDEN, CHANDIGARH

39. Villa d’Este
Akin to many of the world’s
other superlative gardens,
Villa d’Estein Tivoli, Italy, is
the product of an eager
owner with a willingness to
spend gargantuan sums of
money.
The garden was designed
between 1550 and 1572 by
PirroLigorioand is famed for
apotheosizing the use of
water through the
inventiveness of 16th-
century hydraulic engineers,
who utilized gravity and
hydraulics to choreograph
water through the garden.

40. Vaux le Vicomte
The design for Vaux le Vicomte
is today considered the most
admired of the French Baroque
landscapes and is the first
great work of André Le Nôtre.
The garden spans more than
1,000 acres and encapsulates
the essence of a Baroque-era
landscape in the French formal
style.
French garden design in the
17th century asserted the idea
of man controlling and
manipulating nature, and
together with the enormous
price tags that ensued, they
imparted an important
message of monarchical
power and taste.