LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES OG GREEN BUILDINGS 1

PRESENTATION

1. Optimizing Efficiency and Durability: Unveiling the Integral Structure of Light Ste el Buildings

2. Introduction Galvanized steel has been using successfully over 60 years in light steel framing Today, after further research and engineering support, light-gauge steel is standard use in many new single homes and mid-rise buildings, such as hotels, apartments and condominiums. Light gauge steel construction is very similar to wood framed construction in principle - the wooden framing members are replaced with thin steel sections .

3. Understanding Light Steel Light gauge steel is created through a process known as cold forming. This involves passing thin sheets of steel through rollers and presses while at room temperature, to create various shapes such as C, Z, or S-shaped sections. In this method of steel manufacturing, the steel is heated to about 400-800 celsius and then passed through roll formers to shape them in their desired form.

4. Methods Of Construction Stick-build construction :- In this method of construction discrete members are assembled on site to form columns, walls, rafters, beams and bracing to which cladding, internal lining and other elements are attached. The elements are generally delivered cut to length, with pre-punched holes, but connections are made on site using self-drilling self-tapping screws, bolts, or other appropriate site techniques.

5. PANEL CONSTRUCTION:- Wall panels, floor cassettes and roof trusses may be prefabricated in a factory and later assembled on site, as shown in fig. For accuracy, the storey -high panels are manufactured in purpose-made jigs. The panels are connected on site using conventional techniques (bolts or self-drilling screws). The speed of installation of the panels on site is faster than stick-build

6. Modular construction :- In modular construction, units are completely prefabricated in the factory and may be delivered to site with all internal finishes, fixtures and fittings in place. Units may be stacked side by side, or one above the other, and connected to form the stable finished structure. Modular construction is most cost-effective where large production runs are possible for the same basic configuration of modular unit.

7. Several factors contribute to the of light steel Structures including weather resistance, seismic performance, and fire safety measures Design life predictions for light steel framing in a ‘warm frame’environment are in excess of 250 years. Light steel sections are protected from corrosion by continuous hot-dip zinc coating. Steel does not shrink, warp or change its shape. Light steel construction can be used for walls, floors, roofs and suspended ground floors. Steel does not creep under load. Galvanised steel does not suffer from fungal or biological deterioration and is not susceptible to insect infestation. Even in uninsulated roof constructions light steel sections provide a design life in excess of 100 years. Durability Of Light Steel

8. Structural Integrity Load-bearing capacity is closely related to structural integrity. It is the ability of a structure to withstand the loads applied to it without experiencing excessive deformation or failure. Light steel has a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for load-bearing applications. However, the actual load-bearing capacity depends on many factors, including the design of the steel members, their size and spacing, the type of connections used, and the overall building design. Light gauge steel structures are known for their high resistance to lateral forces, making them suitable for areas prone to high wind loads or seismic activities. The steel’s inherent flexibility allows the structure to bend without breaking, providing additional resilience during these events.

9. Sustainability Benefits Of Light Steel Embodied carbon in the building fabric is reduced by up to 20% by using light steel High levels of thermal insulation and air-tightness are achieved. The light weight of such construction systems means that foundation loads and sizes are reduced by over 70% relative to concrete and block-work construction. Light steel structures can be modified and extended easily and modular units can be dis-assembled and re-used; long spans and large openings can be created.Light steel is ideal for building extensions and in renovations, due to its light weight and speed of installation. Generally, productivity and speed of construction is increased by over 30%, which reduces the impact of site works. Transportation needs are greatly reduced; for example, a single delivery of light steel is usually sufficient to build three houses. Site safety is improved by a factor of five or more according to HSE statistics due to the off-site construction process. Site waste is virtually eliminated by the use of pre-fabricated light steel and modular components compared to the industry average wastage rate of some 10% in construction materials. Use of components rolled to length results in no production waste. Renewable energy technologies can be attached to and built-in the light steel and modular components.

10. Cost Effectiveness Steel is known to be the world’s most recycled product with an 80% reduced carbon footprint and is an environmentally friendly product to built Easy to maintain Lower energy cost Flexibility Prefabricated options Rapid Construction Economical Structural Durability Superior Strength

11. Case Study Beijing National Stadium is not a skyscraper or tower. It is famous for its unique architecture and capacity instead of its height. Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest. It is located in Beijing, the capital of China. The construction took up 4 years, from December 2003 to September 2007, and cost 428 million USD to be completed. The entire structure is immensely complex since it consists of many steel beams erected and installed on each other. An amount of 42.000 tons of steel was used to construct this huge bird’s nest .

12. The future of light steel is promising, with ongoing advancements in materials, design, and construction techniques . With advancements in sensor technology and data analytics, steel structures of the future will be equipped with smart systems that can monitor their structural health in real-time. This will enable proactive maintenance, early detection of defects, and increased safety. The future of steel structures lies in the integration of advanced composite materials. In the future, steel structures could be printed on-site, reducing the need for transportation and assembly. This technology also offers the potential for complex and customized steel structure designs. Researchers are exploring the development of self-healing steel, which can repair small cracks or damage automatically. This innovative material could significantly extend the lifespan of steel structures, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance structural resilience. Future Prospects

13. Light steel framing systems can be designed to fulfil high functional requirements for residential buildings and are well suited for industrial production. Maintain the building envelope, so that the conditions inside the building do not deteriorate. Prevent prolonged contact with moisture due to condensation or possible water ingress. Ensure that the galvanized steel is not directly in contact with aggressive or moist materials, e.g. in external walls or at foundations. Ensure that water will not become entrapped in the building envelope; water must be able to escape or must be kept out Conclusion