Landuse in India

Land is a basic natural resource, significantly contributing to a nation’s economy. Balances the Ecological and environmental factors to sustain all life. Economic resource-has a value as property. Most of the human activities are on lands. Land supports agriculture, transport, urbanization, etc. Encompasses all other natural resources, like water, oil, rocks, plants, animals and minerals. Land is a valuable natural resource utilized for cultivation of crops, settlements of population, creation of Dams and reservoirs, development of industries and maintaining forests and the Wildlife. India has divers range of landforms. They vary from the rainforest of Kerala in the south to the alpine pastures of Ladakh hills in the north, from the deserts of Rajasthan in the west to the evergreen forests in the north-east. Any kind of permanent or cyclic intervention of a land is called as landuse. It is the surface utilization of a vacant land or a developed land for a clear purpose, at a given time.

1. LANDUSE IN INDIA BY PROF. A. BALASUBRAMANIAN Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE MYSORE

2. Human use of land Farming, Recreation Urbanisation Forestry,etc

3. Land- a basic resource Land is a basic natural resource, significantly contributing to a nation’s economy. Balances the Ecological and environmental factors to sustain all life.

4. Land- an economic resource Economic resource-has a value as property. Most of the human activities are on lands. Land supports agriculture, transport, urbanization, etc. Encompasses all other natural resources, like water, oil, rocks, plants, animals and minerals.

5. Land is a valuable natural resource utilized for cultivation of crops, settlements of population, creation of Dams and reservoirs, development of industries and maintaining forests and the Wildlife. Land is a valuabel resource

6. INDIA India is a large and diverse country. It is, geographically, the 7 th largest country in the world. Its geographical area includes regions with some of the world's highest rainfall zone to the level of very dry deserts, coast line to alpine regions, and Riverine deltas to the tropical islands.

7. India has diverse range of landforms India has divers range of landforms. They vary from the rainforest of Kerala in the south to the alpine pastures of Ladakh hills in the north, from the deserts of Rajasthan in the west to the evergreen forests in the north-east.

8. Landuse Any kind of permanent or cyclic intervention of a land is called as landuse. It is the surface utilization of a vacant land or a developed land for a clear purpose, at a given time.

9. Landuse Any kind of permanent or cyclic intervention of a land is called as landuse. It is the surface utilization of a vacant land or a developed land for a clear purpose, at a given time. Landuse is an emerging socio-economic activity wherein a region of one major specific purpose utility may be converted into another land for general purpose utility.

10. Landuse/ landcover There are two technical terms used in geography as landuse and landcover. Land use refers to 'man's activities and the various uses which are carried out on land’. Land cover refers to the natural vegetation, water bodies, rock, soil and similar features. Both the terms are inter-related.

11. Urbanisation &Mining are landuse practices

12. Farming is a landuse practice

13. Settlements are landuse / landcover

14. Plantation is landuse

15. Importance of landuse study Knowledge of current land use is essential to support analysis and management of land, vegetation, water resources and quality, and the maintenance of biodiversity.

16. Landuse Planning Landuse planning is a separate branch of study in disciplines like geography, geology, town planning, architecture, forestry, agriculture, civil and environmental engineering, and development studies. Land-use planning is a public policy. It encompasses various disciplines which seek to order and regulate land use in an efficient and ethical way

17. Landuse planning Land-use planning often leads to land-use regulations, also known as zoning.

18. Landuse planning is needed to overcome the problems of haphazard, uncontrolled development, deteriorating environmental quality, loss of prime agricultural lands, destruction of important wetlands, and loss of fish and wildlife habitat.

19. Landuse data are needed In the analysis of environmental processes and problems that must be understood if living conditions and standards are to be improved or maintained at current levels.

20. Utility VALUE of landuse The utility value and the type of landuse depend on the geographic location, physiographic condition, availability of water resources, fertility of the soil, The proximity to other human activities.

21. Landuse MAPPING in india The landuse distribution in India has been mapped by the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization (NATMO). For a better understanding, India’s land areas are divided , spatially, in to various landuse regions.

22. General Classification of Landuse A large number of landuse types and categories have been worked out by various researchers of different disciplines. The classification of land into its various uses and how these uses change over time, provide the background data for planning of land resources.

23. Landuse distribution In India, out of the total geographical area of 328.73 M.hectares , landuse statistics are available for roughly 306 M.hectares , contributing 93% of the total land.

24. Geographic area of india All India, total land mass = 328.73 M.ha Reported area for land utilization = 306 M.ha .

25. different type of uses Net sown area = 141 M.ha (46%) Forest lands = 70 M.ha (23 %) Non-agricultural lands = 26 M.ha Fallow land = 25 M.ha , Barren and unculturable land = 17 M.ha , Culturable waste land = 13 M. ha, Permanent pasture and grazing land = 10 M.ha Miscellaneous tree crops and groves = 3 M.ha .

26. Broad classes of Landuse Topographic and climatic variations in combination with human and technological inputs are responsible for the variation in land use pattern.

27. Landuse classes for India India can be divided into the following broad landuse classes: arable land, area under forest, plantation, built-up and non-agricultural lands, scrub and pastures, wasteland, wetland and water bodies, and snow fields and glaciers.

28. Arable land These are lands primarily used for farming and for the cultivation of crops, for the production of food, fibre and other commercial or horticultural crops. These arable lands may be irrigated or un-irrigated, or may be fallow.

29. Arable lands are agricultural lands The Agricultural land includes 3 categories of landuse as: Irrigated cropland, Un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas.

30. Built-up land (urban) It comprises areas of intensive use with much of the land' covered by structures. It includes areas under residential, industrial, transportation, power and communication uses. There are small patches of built-up areas in rural India as well.

31. Non-agricultural lands- Builtup lands This includes all land occupied by buildings, roads and railways Or under water, e.g. rivers and canals, and other land put to uses other than agriculture.

32. Non-agricultural lands The non-Agricultural lands are classified into Urban settlements Mining Areas and Rural settlements.

33. Areas under Non-Agricultural The non-Agricultural lands are classified into Urban settlements Mining Areas and Rural settlements. About 6.5 per cent of the total area of the country is under non-agricultural uses.

34. Forest lands These are areas bearing an association with both natural and planted vegetaion containing rich flora and fauna. Forests are mainly composed of trees that are established through natural regeneration. Forests are classified into various types. About 20 per cent area of the country is under actual forest cover.

35. Forest lands Forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources. The Forest land areas are classified into 3 categories of landuse as: a) Reserved Forests, b) Protected Forests and c) Uncalssed Forests.

36. Area under Forest in India India has an area of 752.3 lakh hectares as notified as forests, of which 406 lakh ha is classified as reserved and 215 lakh ha as protected forests. The Unclassified forest area is spread more than 131 lakh ha. About 19.47 per cent of the total area of the country is under actual forest cover.

37. Plantation LANDS About 2 per cent of the total land area of India remains under plantation crops. Tea, coffee, rubber and spices are the main products.

38. Scrub and grass Grasslands are the areas of natural grass grown along with the other vegetation. These are low-lying areas where the environment is not suitable for forest growth. Grasslands thrive in the areas like sea shores, alpine areas, above tree line, in floodplains along the river courses and also in salt marshes.

39. waste land & Unproductive Wasteland is described as a degraded land suffering deterioration for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes.

40. Wastelands Wastelands can result from inherent or imposed disabilities due to location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil. Wastelands include salt-affected land, gullied or ravenous land, sandy area, barren or rocky or stony wastes.

41. Unproductive lands The areas of unproductive lands are classified into the following categories of landuse: Sandy zone Rocky Zone Saline zones Bad lands and Snow fields.

42. Snow covered and glacial areas These are the areas of perpetual snow confined to the high altitude mountain ranges. These areas are not suitable for any purpose. However, these snowy areas are the potential sources for contributing for the fresh water flow to many of the perennial rivers.

43. Landuse in India

44. Landuse mapping & standard classification Standard Classification adopted for LAND USE with digital coding scheme Technical Committee on Coordination of Agriculture Statistics (TCCAS) , set up in 1948 by the Ministry of Food & Agriculture , Govt. of India. ISRO-NRSA- NRIS DST-NNRMS Survey of India- NATMO

45. SOI- overall LANDUSE in India

46. Arable land

47. Forests

48. Landuse along Gangetic Plains

49. Landuse in Jammu & Kashmir

50. Landuse in Punjab- Haryana -UP

51. Landuse from New Delhi to Bhopal towards west

52. Landuse from New Delhi to Bhopal towards east

53. Landuse in Northeast

54. Landuse around Maharashtra, MP

55. Landuse – Odisha , Jharkhand, Maharashtra

56. Landuse around Maharashtra, A.P, Odisha

57. Landuse around A.P, karnataka

58. Landuse -T.N., Kerala, Karnataka

59. Landuse in different Plates(regions) Srinagar ( Jammu and Kashmir) Plate Delhi Plate Barailey Plate Jaipur Plate Lucknow Plate Patna Plate Bhopal Plate Nagpur Plate Kolkatta Plate Mumbai Plate Hyderabad Plate Chennai(Madras) Plate Thiruvananthapuram Plate Shillong Plate

60. Srinagar Plate Jaipur Plate Delhi Plate Rajkot Plate Bhopal Plate Patna Plate Nagpur Plate Hyderabad Plate Barailey Plate Lucknow Plate Kolkatta Plate Mumbai Plate Chennai(Madras)Plate Thiruvananthapuram plate

61. Index to landuse units

62. Srinagar Plate

63. Sri Nagar Plate This area is bordered with Pakistan in the West, Russia in the north, Afghanistan in the north west and China in the north east and east. Physiographically , this region belongs to the Kashmir Himalayas.

64. This region is drained by Indus river and the tributaries of Ravi, Chenab & Jhelum rivers.  Landuse is typical. West=forests; central =grasslands/scrubs; northeast=rocky zones/snow

65. Jammu and Kashmir Plate The irrigated croplands are distributed a) in the Ravi river region. b) in the Western part around Anantnag , c) in the southern part around around Kathna & Jammu.

66. Jammu and Kashmir Plate The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are wheat and rice. The minor crop grown in the irrigated zone is Maize. The major crops grown in the un-irrigated zones are Rice, Maize, Wheat. The minor crops grown in the non-irrigated zones are Apple, Pears, Millets.

67. Jammu and Kashmir Plate The Forest areas of this region include Reserved, Protected and Uncalssed Forests. Protected forests are seen in places around Dharamshala .

68. This region is drained by Satluj in the west and Yamuna in the east. The prevailing landuse patterns are Agricultural land, Forests, Non-agricultural land, Grazing land, and Unproductive land. Delhi Plate

69. Delhi Plate The distribution of land use in Delhi region is seen in this map. This area is bordered with Pakistan in the West. Physiographically , this region comprises of The Siwalik Range of the Himalayas in the Northeast. Punjab Plains, Haryana Plains and Malwa Plains. Rajasthan Bagar , in the middle Marusthali arid regions, in the southwest and Gangetic plains in the east, bordering Yamuna river.

70. Arable lands in Delhi Plate In this region, Bajra , Jowar , Fodder, Gram and Millets are grown as minor crops. It shows Amritsar and Jullundar in the North Simla and Chandigarh in the Northeast Bikaner in the southwest, Firozpur and Ganganagar in the West Patiala in the middle and New Delhi in the southeast.

71. The Forest areas are confined to the Northeastern parts around Simla , Hamirpur , Mandi and Chandigarh regions. Reserved, Protected and Uncalssed Forests are distributed all around Simla . Delhi Plate

72. The irrigated croplands are very vast in the Northern zone around Amritsar, Jullundar , Ludhian , Firozpur areas. In the central zone Jind , Rohtak & Karnal areas. Delhi Plate

73. Irrigated croplands in the Western Zone around Ganganagar & Bhatinda , in the southern Zone around New Delhi & Rohtak Eastern Zone around Meerut, Muzaffarnagar & Saharanpur.  The Southern region of this map, show a distinct and vast unirrigated crop land from Bikaner (west) to Narnaul (East). Delhi Plate

74. The Forest areas are confined to the Northeastern parts around Simla , Hamirpur , Mandi and Chandigarh regions. Reserved, Protected and Uncalssed Forests are distributed all around Simla . Delhi Plate

75. The Forest areas are confined to the Northeastern parts around Simla , Hamirpur , Mandi and Chandigarh regions. Reserved, Protected and Uncalssed Forests are distributed all around Simla . Delhi Plate

76. Barailey plate The distribution of land use in Bareilly-Moradabad- Dehradun region is seen in this map. This area is bordered by Nepal, Himalayas in the east and China in the North.

77. Barailey plate This area is bordered by Nepal, Himalayas in the east and China in the North.

78. Barailey plate Physiographically , this region comprises Kumaun Himalayas & Mussourie Ranges, Siwalik Ranges, and Western Tarai and lesser Himalayas. The River Ganges and its tributaries Ramganga , Sarda & Kauriala are draining through this zone.

79. Barailey plate India’s prominent places including Dehra Dun & Tehri in the North Almora and Nainital in the Northwest Moradabad & Rampur in the middle Bareilly & Pilibhit in the south, are located in this region.

80. Barailey plate If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands.

81. Barailey plate The irrigated croplands are distributed in the central part around Bareilly & Moradabad Region on the fertile zone of Ramganga Valley, In the southern part along the flood plains of the Gnga river. The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are rice, wheat, sugarcane, gram, bajra and millet. The minor crops grown in the irrigated zones are millets, sugarcane, gram and maize.

82. Barailey plate The un-irrigated croplands are distributed in the central part around Patri , Almora areas, in the Western part around Bimor , and in the southern part around Bareilly, Rampur & Moradabad areas.

83. Barailey Plate The major crops grown in the un-irrigated zones are wheat, sugarcane, rice, gram and bajra . The minor crops grown in the non-irrigated zones are millets, rice, maize, gram, pulses, ragi , jowar , rapeseed & mustard, groundnut and fruits.  The Forest areas of this region include Reserved, Protected and Uncalssed Forests. Reserved forests are seen in the lesser Himalayan, Nangabarbat Range and Siwalik Range. Protected forests are seen in places south of Naini Tal region.

84. Jaipur Plate The distribution of land use in Jodhpur- Jaipur -Udaipur region is shown in this map. Physiographically , this region comprises the Rajasthan Bagar and the Aravalli Ranges. India’s prominent places including Jaipur in the North, Kota in the middle, Jodhpur in the West and Udaipur in the south, are located in this region.

85. Jaipur Plate This region is drained by Chambal River and part of Yamuna river.  The Agricultural land includes Irrigated cropland, Un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas.   The irrigated croplands are distributed along the Chambal and Yamuna River courses & their flood plains. They are distributed in the northern parts around Mathura, and in the central part around Kota. The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are wheat, bajra , and gram.  The minor crops grown in the irrigated zones are sesamum , mustard, rapeseed and oilseeds.

86. Jaipur plate The un-irrigated croplands are distributed in the northern parts around Jaipur , in the central part around Malpura , in the Western part around Patanpur , In the eastern parts around Shivpuri , and in the southern part around Rajgarh . The major crops grown in the non-irrigated zones are pulses, gram, maize, cotton, bajra and jowar . The minor crops grown in the non-irrigated zones are groundnut, linseed, castor and sesamum .

87. Lucknow Plate The distribution of land use in Lucknow , Allahabad & Varanasi region is seen in this map. This area is bordered with Nepal in the Northeastern side. Physiographically , this region comprises the vast Gangetic Plain, the Vindhyan Mountains and the Bundhelkhand Plains .

88. Lucknow Plate This region is drained by the Ganga and Ghaghara rivers. The tributaries of Yamuna and Son rivers confluence with the Ganga in this region. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands. The Agricultural land includes Irrigated cropland, un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas.

89. Patna Plate The distribution of land use in Patna region is seen in this map.  This area is bordered with Nepal Himalayas in the North, Bhutan Himalayas in the Northeast, and Bangladesh in the East.

90. The distribution of land use in Rajkot-Jamnagar region is seen in this map. This area is bordered by Pakistan in the west and Arabian Sea in the South.   Physiographically , this region comprises The Kathiawar Peninsula and The Kaachh Peninsular in India Rajkot Plate

91. The distinctive feature of this area, in India is the Kachh and Kathiawar Peninsular regions with a vast coastal belt. The Forest areas of this region are very small which include Reserved and unclassified forests. Reserved forests are seen in places around, Jamwala , Barda hills, and Girnar hills. The major urban areas of this region are Jamnagar, Rajkot, Porbandar , Junagadh , Bhuj and Surendranagar . Rajkot Plate

92. Rajkot plate This region is drained by Banas and Luni rivers. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands. The irrigated croplands are distributed only in a small portion especially in the southern part around Dhrangadhra , Halvad and Jetpur .  The major crop grown in the irrigated zone is Wheat. The major crops grown in the un-irrigated zones are Bajra , pulses, cotton, groundnut and jowar . The minor crops grown in the non-irrigated zones are sesamum , castor, and wheat.

93. Bhopal Plate The distribution of land use in Ahmedabad , Indore, Bhopal, Surat and Amaravati region is seen in this map. This area is bordered by the Gulf of Khambhat and the Arabian Sea in the West.

94. Bhopal Plate Physiographically , this region comprises Malwa Plateau , Satpura hill ranges and Vindhyan Mountains.

95. Bhopal Plate The irrigated croplands are distributed in the Western part around the flood plain areas of Sabarmati River, and in the southern part around the deltaic coastal region of the Tapti river. The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are rice, sugarcane, mango, groundnut, sesamum and gram.

96. Bhopal Plate The un-irrigated croplands are distributed in the northern parts around Ujjain to Bhopal, Ahmedabad , in the central part around Indore, Jalgaon , Dhule , in the Western part around Vadodara & Bhavnagar, and In the eastern parts around Amaravati and Akola.

97. The distribution of land use in Nagpur-Jabalpur-Raipur region is seen in this map. Physiographically , this region belongs to the Satpura mountain regions. Nagpur Plate

98. This region is drained by the Narmada Wainganga and the Mahanadi rivers. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands. Nagpur Plate

99. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands.  The Agricultural land includes Irrigated cropland, Un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas. The irrigated croplands are distributed in the northern parts around Barddhaman , In the eastern parts around near Kharagpur , and in the southern part around Mahanadi Deltaic regions. The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are sugarcane, wheat, fruits and vegetables. Kolkatta Plate

100. The distribution of land use in Ranchi-Kolkata-Bhubaneswar region is seen in this map.  This area is bordered by the Bay of Bengal in the southeast.   Physiographically , this region comprises of the Deltaic regions of Ganga , Subarnarekha, Brahmani and Mahanadi Rivers and Nagpur Plateau, Ranchi Plateau, Kolhan Upland, Simlipal Massif, Bamra hills and Bengal Basin. Kolkatta Plate

101. Shillong Plate The distribution of land use in Guwahati , Shillong - Imphal-Dibrugarh -region is seen in this map.  This area is bordered with Myanmar in the east, china & Tibet in the North and Bangladesh in the southwest. Physiographically , this region comprises the Eastern Himalayas, the Brahmaputra valley and the Bay of Bengal.

102. Shillong Plate This region is drained by the Brahmaputra river. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands. The Agricultural land includes Irrigated cropland, Un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas. The irrigated croplands are distributed in scattered form.

103. Mumbai Plate The distribution of land use in the Mumbai-Gulbarga region is seen in this map. This area is bordered by the Arabian Sea in the west. Physiographically , this region comprises the Maharashtra Plateau Karnataka Plateau and South Konkanni Coast.

104. Mumbai Plate This region is drained by Godavari, Bhima and Krishna rivers, which flow towards east. Several west flowing streams are also distributed along the western parts. If we look at the prevailing landuse patterns of this region, we could see the distribution of Agricultural lands, Forests, Non-agricultural lands, Grazing lands and Unproductive lands. The Agricultural land includes Irrigated cropland, Un-irrigated cropland & Plantation areas.

105. Mumbai Plate The irrigated croplands are distributed in the northern parts around Nanded and Kopargaon , in the central part bBetween Pune & Sholapur, and in the southern part around Belgaum & Raichur .

106. Mumbai Plate The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are bananas, sugarcane, wheat, rice, fodder and pulses. The un-irrigated croplands are distributed almost 2/3 rd of this region. They are spread from north to south in the plateau regions . The major crops grown in the un-irrigated zones are jowar , fodder, pulses, cotton, rice, bajra , groundnut and sugarcane. The minor crops grown in the un-irrigated zones are vegetables, chillies , wheat, maize, oilseeds, tobacco, mango and other fruits.

107. Hyderabad Plate The distribution of land use in Hyderabad-Warangal- Vishakapatnam Guntur region is seen in this map. This area is bordered by the Bay of Bengal in the east. Physiographically , this region comprises parts of the the Eastern Ghats , the Godavari Delta and the Telengana Plateau.

108. Hyderabad Plate The irrigated croplands are distributed only along the deltaic regions. They are in the northern parts around Chatrapur & Srikakulam areas, and in the eastern parts around Machilipatnam , Kakinada, Vijayawada & Rajahmundri . The major crops grown in the irrigated zones are fruits, rice, vegetables and tobacco.

109. Hyderabad Plate Reserved forests are seen around Eastern Ghats over a vast area, in the northern parts and also in the Sri Sailam Plateau in the south.   Unclassed forests are seen in the northern parts.

110. Madras Plate The distribution of land use in Mangalore-Bangalore-Chennai region is seen in this map.   This area is bordered with Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.   Physiographically , this region comprises the Western Ghats and t he Eastern Ghats.

111. Thiruvananthapuram plate The landuse pattern of Tamil Nadu and Kerala region are seen in this map. Physiographically , this region has the Western Ghats, Nilgiri hills, Palni hills and Anaimalai hills are endowed with forests, a vast area of Plain land and a long stretch of coastal belts. This part of the Peninsular India is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the East.

112. Thiruvananthapuram plate The area is covered from Salem and Coimbatore in the north, Pondicherry Cuddalore in the Northeast, Cannanore and Calicut in the North West, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli in the middle, Thanjavur and Ramanathapuram in the east, Quilon , Thiruvanthapuram , Tuticorin , Palayamkottai and Nagercoil in the south.

113. State-wise landuse (%) State/ U.T. wise land use categories (%) State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Andhra Pradesh 39.16 23.2 2.46 - 9.1 10.0 Arunachal Pradesh 3.60 92.91 N.A. 1.02 1.8 1.0 Assam 35.34 24.62 2.04 - 9.0 11.0 Bihar 59.54 6.64 0.19 - 6.0 5.6 Chhattisgarh 34.55 46.07 6.20 - 0.25 5.1

114. State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Goa 37.0 33.1 0.36 - 15.0 10.05 Gujarat 52.21 9.82 4.51 - 15.0 8.0 Haryana 81.80 3.5 0.57 - 0.25 9.0 Himachal Pradesh 12.16 24.19 33.34 1.1 15.0 7.9 Jammu & Kashmir 16.27 27.23 5.19 30.0 11.4 7.0 Jharkhand 22.20 29.6 1.10 - 8.0 9.0 State-wise landuse (%)

115. State-wise landuse (%) State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Karnataka 55.17 20.2 4.91 - 3.9 9.0 Kerala 54.87 28.9 0.01 - 0.8 11.0 Madhya Pradesh 48.68 30.9 4.35 - 4.5 6.4 Maharashtra 56.81 20.1 4.07 - 5.1 5.8 Manipur 18.00 78.0 - - 1.1 2.0 Meghalaya 9.50 42.3 - - 5.9 4.3

116. State-wise landuse (%) State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Mizoram 4.29 75.6 0.28 - 0.4 5.0 Nagaland 19.53 54.55 - - 4.5 5.0 Orissa 36.86 37.33 2.85 - 5.5 6.2 Punjab 84.30 6.13 0.12 - 0.6 8.1 Rajasthan 49.13 9.5 4.98 - 7.8 6.0 Sikkim 10.00 61.2 0.60 12.0 15.0 2.3

117. State-wise landuse (%) State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Tamil Nadu 40.25 17.6 2.44 - 2.9 16.0 Tripura 26.69 60.0 - - 0.3 11.0 Uttar Pradesh 68.93 7.0 0.26 - 2 . 3 11.0 Uttarakhand 13.52 61.11 4.04 8.18 5.8 3.0 West Bengal 60.98 13.5 0.06 - 0.3 20.4

118. State-wise landuse (%) State/ Union territory Net sown area Forest Scrub or grass Snow Field or g glacier Waste land land Built up area Andaman & Nicobar Is. 2.28 86.90 - - - 0.7 Chandigarh 18.37 3.02 - - - 71 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 44.92 40.85 1.89 - 0.5 7.5 Daman & Diu N.A. 5.5 - - - N.A. Lakshadweep N.A. 85.9 - - - - Puducherry 42.57 7.5 - - 8.0 36.4

119. landuse in india Requires proper planning. Change detection analysis. Proper Maintenance. Proper use.