Laser lithotripsy

ABOUT LASER LITHOTRIPSY PROCEDURE FOR KIDNEY STONES

1. LASER LITHOTRIPSY BY DEEKSHITHA VINOD

2. LITHOTRIPSY Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to treat certain types of kidney stones and stones in other organs, such as gallbladder or liver

3. Kidney stones , or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals.  Kidney stones  usually originate in your  kidneys . However, they can develop anywhere along your urinary tract, which consists of these parts:  kidneys . ureters.urinary bladder,urethra .

4. Reasons for procedure Kidney stones can become trapped anywhere in the urinary tract,including the kidney and the ureter.The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.If a stone gets stuck in the ureter,it can cause blockage and the backup of the urine in the kidney.They are also quite painful

5. TECHNIQUES E xtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy I ntracorporeal ( endoscopic lithotripsy) Laser lithotripsy Electrohydraulic lithotripsy Mechanical lithotripsy Ultrasonic lithotripsy

6. LASER LITHOTRIPSY Laser lithotripsy is a procedure to break apart kidney stone in the urinary tract.It is done with a ureteroscope passed into the tubes of urinary tract.Incisions are not needed. The laser breaks the kidney stones into smaller pieces that can either be removed by the surgeon or passed out of the body in the urine.

7. Laser principle and properties

8. Holmium laser theory of operation The holmium laser emits a laser beam at a wavelength of 2100 nm Holmium laser energy is also very effective in lithotripsy of calculi. When working in liquid environment the holmium laser energy provides additional safety, since laser energy will be absorbed by the surrounding liquid, limiting its reach to non-target tissue. The holmium laser wavelength falls in the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This wavelength is invisible to the human eye. Therefore, a low-power, visible aiming beam is used to verify the laser’s target tissue.

9. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE General anaesthesia will be used A ureteroscope is an instrument with a long thin tube that is hollow like a straw. The doctor can use this scope to view the urinary tract, find kidney stones, and pass instruments to the stone. The scope enters the urinary tract through the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. The scope continues to pass through the urethra, bladder, and into the ureter or kidney (if necessary) to access the stone.

10. Holmium is a solid state ,pulsed laser Wavelength 2100 nm Pulse duration-250-350 micro seconds Pulse energy-0.2-0.4 J/sec Frequency -5-45 Hz Average power-30-80W

11. C omplications Increase amount of blood in urine Injury to urinary tract A temperory stent infection

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