Latest SCience, Technology and Society An Introduction.ppt

An Introduction to the world of science, technology and society

2. An Introduction
Mr. LEO E. DIZON, LPT MAEd

3. Science
•ComesfromtheLatinword“scientia”
•Abodyofknowledgeorfacts.
•Awayofthinkingaboutor
approachingatopic.
•Asksquestionsthataimtoincrease
ourunderstandingofthephysical
universeandourabilitytoexplain
nature.

4. Technology
•Comes from the Latin word “techne”
(art, skill)
•Applied science.
•A topic involving the designing and
use of devices, processes, and
materials to solve practical problems
and to satisfy human needs and
wants.

5. Society
•A group, large or small, of people in a
particular place and time who are
linked by common goals and interests.

6. Environment
•The natural world or ecosystem.
•The area in which something exists or
lives.
•The complex of physical, chemical,
and biological factors in which a living
organism or community exists.

7. What is STS all about?
Thisisanoutlookonscienceeducationthat
emphasizestheteachingofscientificand
technologicaldevelopmentsintheircultural,
economic,socialandpoliticalcontexts.
Inthisviewofscienceeducation,students
areencouragedtoengageinissues
pertainingtotheimpactofscienceon
everydaylifeandmakeresponsible
decisionsabouthowtoaddresssuch
issues.

8. Goals of STS Education
•Engagingstudentsinexaminingavarietyof
realworldissuesandgroundingscientific
knowledgeinsuchrealities.
•Intoday'sworld,suchissuesmightinclude
theimpactonsocietyof:globalwarming,
geneticengineering,animaltesting,
deforestationpractices,nucleartestingand
environmentallegislations.

9. Goals of STS Education
•Developingstudents’capacitiesand
confidencetomake informed
decisions,andtotakeresponsible
actiontoaddressissuesarisingfrom
theimpactofscienceontheirdaily
lives.

10. Science, Technology, and Society
Objectives:
1.Developrationaleincludingtechnologyand
socialperspectivesinscienceclassroom
2.Explainhowtechnologyisrelatedto
science/society
3.Describehowstudyingtechnological
devicescanbecomeanintegralpartof
scienceinstruction.

11. I.Rationale for learning STS
A.Science and Technology have profound effects on
society
1.Provides products that increase quality of life
2.Negative effects of weapons, pollution, etc…
3.Students will live in an increasingly technological
society and therefore need to understand how these
institutions interact
4.We can make science instruction relevant to students
a.Personal experience and societal context for lessons
b.AIDS, obesity, water quality, national defense, etc…
***students will have to make informed decisions about these
issues
B.The STS approach to science instruction
1.Science for meeting personal needs
2.Science for addressing societal issues and problems
3.Science for assisting with career choices

12. II.What is Technology
A.Descriptions
1.Involves the design or products, systems, and processes that
affect the quality of life, using the knowledge of science when
necessary
2.An applied enterprise concerned with producing appliances, tools,
machines, and techniques
3.Products are called inventions
B.Examples
1.Simple tools for hunting, fishing, or farming
2.Computers, satellites, airplanes
C.Engineers
1.Design and produce products using science
2.Must know about the business they are working for as well as the
science to design products
D.Concerns
1.Mass production is often the goal
2.Depletion of natural resources and pollution

13. III.Incorporating STS into Science Instruction
A.Design and Build
1.Have students build working models of machines
a.Series and parallel circuits
b.Clocks
c.Radios
d.Robots
2.Build new machines for specific purpose
a.Build a bridge using popsicle sticks that will hold a certain weight
b.Build a container to keep an egg from breaking when dropped
3.Benefits
a.Design a solution to a real problem
b.Implement and evaluate designs
c.Communicate about their designs to other students
d.Leads to student initiated designs on problems important to them
B.Investigate and Improvement
1.Library/Internet research on how technology was invented
2.Explain how it works, scientific principles, and diagrams

14. 3.Givebeneficialuses
4.Discusslimitationsorpotentialdangers
5.Offersuggestionsforimprovement
C.Focusoncurrentissuesandproblems
1.Majorfocusofmostsciencestandards
2.Issue=anideaonwhichpeopleholddifferentbeliefsandvalues
a.Shouldrecyclingbemandatory
b.Shouldwefinedriversfornotwearingaseatbelt
3.Problem=asituationthatisariskforagivenpopulation
a.Poisoningoffishdownstreamfromindustry
b.Leadpoisoninginolderhomesfromlead-basedpaints
4.Goalisconceptualenhancementratherthanconceptualchange
a.Confrontstudentswithalternativepositionsthantheirown
b.Challengeandenrichtheirunderstanding
c.Reconcileincompatibleideasbyreorganizingcurrentknowledge
d.Makejudgmentsaboutscience,technology,andsociety

15. D.Strategies
1.Inculcation = attempting to convince others of
your value judgment
a.Not recommended because of inherent problems
b.Likely present only one side of a complex issue
c.Example: industry is bad because they pollute
2.Awareness of Issues and Problems
a.Clarification of student’s own personal values on
complex issues
b.Allows confrontation issues of concern in a
constructive way
c.Helps students become aware of other students’
beliefs

16. 3.Issue and Problem Investigation
a.Goes beyond awareness by increasing science content
b.Stresses organization of facts, presentation of evidence
c.Requires library, field, or internet research
d.Separates fact from opinion
e.Promotes scientific inquiry and higher level thinking skills
f.Reversing perspective of students helps them see all sides of an issue
g.Forces students to make a decision (sometimes they even act on it)
4.Action Learning
a.Extends learning beyond classroom by having students act in society
b.Community service project
c.Requires time, commitment outside of class

17. 5.Project-BasedScience
a.Studentsworkinteamstoinvestigate
andpresentfindings
b.STSissuesandproblemsareideally
suited
***Asfortheteacher:
a.Criticizedfornotteachingenough
content
b.Shouldincludeteacherdirected
lessonswithstudentinvestigations
c.Easiesttoincorporatewhenallproject
areonthesameissue

18. 4.Concerns
a.May become a disadvantage to students in college due to less
traditional content
b.Student will likely have a better attitude about science, better lab skills
F.Considerations for STS instruction
Select topics directly related to curriculum
1.Select topics relevant to students’ lives
2.Select topics appropriate to the age group
IV.Evolution, Creationism and Teaching Science
A.Differentiated between science and non-science
1.Science is internally consistent and compatible with evidence
2.Science is based on evidence
3.Science has been tested against a diverse range of phenomena
4.Science has broad problem-solving effectiveness
5.Science explains a wide variety of phenomena

20. Science and technology have had both a
positive and negative impact on society,
especially in the following areas:
Community Life
Work
Communication
Health

21. The shift from nomadic life to farming led to
the development of the city.
•Networks of
transportation,
communication, and
trade systems
•Specialized labor
•Government and
religion
•Social class
Jerusalem, one of the world’s first
cities, is still in existence today.

22. The nineteenth century witnessed the
Industrial Revolution.
•Invention of textile
manufacturing machines
•Division of labor
•Increase in production
•Crowded cities
•Unsafe and unhealthy
working conditions
Some of the negative aspects of the
Industrial Revolution included poor
working conditions and long hours.

23. The twentieth century saw the birth of
suburbs.
•Invention of the
trolley car and
automobile
•Status symbol
•Alternative to harsh,
crowded city
conditions
Many planned communities, such as
this one outside Cincinnati, OH,
sprang up around cities during the
first half of the twentieth century.

24. Technical innovations saved physical energy
and lessened people’s workload.
The tractor
The refrigerator
The vacuum cleaner
The washing machine

25. The concept of leisuredeveloped from labor-
saving technology. People use the money they
earn to take advantage of leisure time.
Television
Social Activities
Sporting Events
Movies

26. The greatest innovation of technology was
longevity.Estimated Life Expectancy of People in the
United States, 1900 - 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 9 00 1 9 20 1 9 40 1 9 60 1 9 80 2 0 00
Year
Life Expectancy (in years)

27. A large part of technology has been dedicated
to the advancement of medical science.
Sir Alexander Fleming
discovered penicillin, the
first antibiotic, in 1928.
In 1796, Edward Jenner
paved the way for modern
immunology by discovering
a vaccine for smallpox.
Dr. William Thomas Green
Morton (c. 1846) was one of the
first medical practitioners to use
anesthesia on a patient before
performing surgery.

28. Some current innovations could have a drastic
impact on society.
In 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute in
Edinburgh, Scotland, introduced Dolly the
sheep, the first mammal ever to have been
cloned. Dolly quickly became the symbol of
the controversy over the ethics of cloning.
Embryonic stem cell research is another area
that is at the center of controversy. While
stem cells might be able to be used to
generate new organs for transplant, the use
of them has many ethical considerations.

29. Inventions and innovations in communication
have had a major influence on society.
•Egypt: papyrus and hieroglyphics
•Ancient Babylonia: cuneiform
•Ancient Greece: public speaking,
persuasive rhetoric, drama, and philosophy
•Ancient Rome: Roman alphabet
•Modern Europe: printing press
•World today: World Wide Web

30. Progressis a series of improvements in human
life marked by inventions and discoveries.
•Positive attributes of
technology must be
greater than negative
attributes
•Negative consequences:
destruction of environment
and loss of what it means
to be human
The Exxon Valdez oil spill off the
coast of Alaska in 1989 impacted
1,300 miles of shoreline and killed
an enormous amount of wildlife.

31. THE END

32. THANK YOU….