Learners with Difficulty Seeing & Hearing.pptx

learnerws wit difficulty hearin seein

1. Section 3 Learning with Difficulty Seeing, Hearing, and Comunicating

2. TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND IDENTIFICATION OF LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY SEEING, HEARING AND COMMUNICATING

3. LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY SEEING VISUAL ACQUITY refers to the ability to distinguish forms or discriminate among details. It is usually measured by reading letters, numbers,and other symbols from the Snellen Eye Chart. LEGAL BLINDNESS refers to having a visual acquity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the use of a corrective lens. When one’s field of vision is restricted to an area no greater than 20 degrees,one can be considered as legaly blind. PARTIALLY SIGHTED individuals are those whose visual acquity in the better eye after correction falls between 20/70 and 20/200.

4. LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY SEEING TUNNEL VISION a condition of having a perception of viewing the world through a narrow tube. In this case, central vision may be good, but the peripheral vision is poor at the outer ranges of the visual field.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY SEEING Cognition and Language Motor Development and Mobility Social Adjustment and Interaction

6. TYPES AND CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CONDITION DEFINITION & CAUSE REMARKS AND IMPLICATIONS Amblyopia reduction in or loss of vision in the weaker eye from lack of use; caused by strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or opacity of the lens or cornea. close work may result in eye fatigue, loss of place, or poor concentration, seating should favor the functional eye. Astigmatism Blurred vision results from irregularities in the cornea or other eye surfaces, causing unequal focus on the retina (refractive error). Loss of accommodation, leading to discomfort during close tasks like reading; children may complain.

7. TYPES AND CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CONDITION DEFINITION & CAUSE REMARKS AND IMPLICATIONS Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) Impaired vision caused by damage to or malfunction of the visual cortex or optic nerve (or both); causes include anoxia, head injury, and infections of the central nervous system. Visual functioning may fluctuate depending on lighting conditions and attention; vision usually does not deteriorate; improvement sometime occurs over a period of time. Hyperopia (farsightedness) Difficulty seeing near objects clearly but able to focus on distant objects; caused by a shorter than normal eye that prevents light rays from converging on the retina (refractive error). Loss of accommodation when object are brought close to the face; avoid long periods of reading or close task that cause discomfort..

8. TYPES AND CAUSES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CONDITION DEFINITION & CAUSE REMARKS AND IMPLICATIONS Muscular Degeneration Central area of the retina gradually deteriorates, causing loss of clear vision in the center of the visual field; common in older adults but fairly rare in children.. Tasks such as reading and writing are difficult; prescribed low vision aid or closed-circuit TV, provide good illumination; avoid glare. Myopia (nearsightedness) Distant objects are blurred or not seen at all but near objects are seen clearly; caused by an elongated eye that focuses images in front of the retina (refractive error).. Encourage child to wear prescribed glasses or contact lens; for near tasks, child may be more comfortable working without glasses and bringing work close to face.

9. CONDITION DEFINITION & CAUSE REMARKS AND IMPLICATIONS Nystagmus Nystagmus is the rapid, involuntary, back-and-forth movement of the eyes, hindering focus. When both eyes can't focus simultaneously, the brain suppresses input from one eye to avoid double vision. The weaker eye, often turning inward or outward, may lose its ability to see. Close tasks for extended period can lead to fatigue; some children turn or tilt head to obtain the best focus; do not criticize this Strabismus Inability to focus on the same object with both eyes because of an inward or outward deviation of one or both eyes; caused by muscle imbalance; secondary to other visual impairments. Classroom seating should favor student's stronger eye; some students may use one eye for distance tasks and the other eye for near tasks; frequent rest periods may be needed during close work; may need more time to adjust to unfamiliar visual tasks.

10. Identifying Learners with Difficulty Seeing

11. The Snellen Chart used to test visual acquity. It was developed by a Dutch opthalmologist in 1962, and still a widely used tool in measuring visual acquity today ( Heward, 2017).

12. has been developed to assist the Teacher Consultant for the Visually Impaired (TCVI) or Teacher of the Visually Impaired (TVI) in making recommendations for services to students who are blind or visually impaired in the state of Michigan. The Vision Services Severity Rating Scale (VSSRS )

13. LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY HEARING Deafness Hearing Loss Residual Hearing Hard of Hearing Deaf Culture

14. CHARACTERISTICTS OF LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY HEARING Literacy Speaking Academic Achievement Social Functioning

15. TYPES AND CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS (Howard, 2017) Conductive Hearing Impairment Sensory Hearing Impairment Neural Hearing Impairment Mixed Hearing Impairment Unilateral Hearing Loss Bilateral Hearing Loss Congenital Hearing Loss Acquired Hearing Loss Prelingual Hearing Loss Postilingual Hearing Loss

16. Possible Causes of Hearing Loss CONGENITAL ACQUIRED Genetic Factors Maternal Rubela Congenital Cytomegalovirus Prematurity Otitis Media - a temporary, recurrent infection of the middle ear. Meningitis - a bacterial or viral infections of the central nervous system and is leading cause of postlingual hearing loss. Meniere’ s Disease- sudden and unpredictable attacks of vertigo, fluctuations in hearing, and tinnitus (perception of sound when no outside sound is present) Noise Exposure- repeated exposure to loud sounds.

17. SIGNS THAT A CHILD HAS A HEARING PROBLEM Speech Problems Inattentiveness Increasing Volume Not Following Directions Learning Difficulties Social Withdrawal

18. ASSESSMENT OF HEARING LOSS Assessment of Infants Pure Tone Audiometry Speech Reception Test Alternative Audiometric Techniques

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