Learning Concepts, evidence behind learning, myths of learning

Learning is poorly understood. This PPT goes through the evidence behind learning

1. How do you Study? A: Reread material B: Highlight material (going back to this again as needed) C: Review (reread) notes from class D: Cramming before tests

2. When do you think you learn better Rereading material vs Testing the material

3. Learning is better when it is intuitive True False

4. Most of our learning is based on folklore, non evidence based and in efficient. Students attending classes every day, taking notes and reading for hours sometimes underperform. Most effective learning strategies are not intuitive.

5. Fluency vs Mastery Rereading Cramming Highlighting Revisiting the notes

6. Active Retrieval Effortful recollection is more durable although less intuitive

7. Metacognition Self reflection Knowing what you know or what you don’t know Judgement of Learning (JOL) Feeling of Knowing (FOK) similar to TOT

8. Mixing up the practice Trying to learn different subjects or varied concepts help to differentiate each concept Brain can consolidate them better into long term memory

9. Embrace the difficulties Superficial learning is like writing on a sand Errorless/effortless learning is a myth Effortful learning is durable and rewarding.

10. 3 step Learning Process Encoding Consolidation Retrieval

11. Illusion of knowing

12. Beyond Learning styles Empirical evidence suggest learning styles are less important

13. Growing mindset

14. Structure building Mental frame work Rule learners vs Example learners

15. Time out

16. Strategies Active Retrieval Spaced Repetition Interleaving

17. Elaborate Generate Reflect Calibrate Use Mnemonics

18. Adapt a learning mindset Forgive yourself Be Optimistic Experiment Persist

19. To Summarize aka Elaborate Learning is deeper when it is effortful We are poor judges of our own learning Massed practice is ineffective Retrieval practice makes learning more durable Spacing practice improves retention Interleaving improves discrimination between related concepts Trying to solve a problem before being taught it leads to better learning Testing calibrates against illusions of knowledge Elaboration deepens learning Extracting key ideas enhances complex mastery