Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptx

Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,

1. Lecture- Garden City Concept of Town Planning Prof. Samirsinh P Parmar Asst. Prof. Civil Engg . Dept. Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India Mail: [email protected]

2. Concept of Garden City The  garden city movement  is a method of  urban planning  that was initiated in 1898 by Sir  Ebenezer Howard  in the  United Kingdom . Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by " greenbelts ", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.

3. January 1850 – May 1928 Diagrams from the 1898 edition

4. HIS T O R Y 4

5. Click to add title Diagrams from the 1898 edition

6. His solution centered in developing smaller “garden cities” ,linked by canal and transit and covered by a permanent green belt. He founded the Garden City Association (later known as the Town and Country Planning or TCPA), Which created First Garden city, Ltd. In 1899 to create the garden city of Letchworth and Welywn. 6

7. “Three Magnets” depi c ts 3 magnets ad v antage s and di s advantage s o f t o w n l i fe advan t age s and di s advantage s o f country l i fe t o w n -c o u n t r y li f e, in c o r po r atin g advantage s of t o w n an d countr y l i fe

8. A d va n ta g e s D i sa d va n ta g es A d va n ta g e s D i sa d va n ta g es T own m a gn e t Countr y m a gn e t

9. T o w n cou n try m agnet Beauty of natur e - peace al l -over the place s . Social oppor t uni t y - cu m ula t ive gr o wth. Fields and parks of easy acces s - equal chances. Low rent s - high wages. Low ra t e s - plen t y to do. Low pr i ce s - no sweat i ng. Fie l d for ent e rp r is e - flow of capi t a l . Pure air and wate r - good drainag e . Bright ho m es & ga r den s - no s m ok e , no slu m s. Freedo m - C o -ope r ation.

10. Why we need “garden City”? To deal with Overcrowding To remove congestion from city To maintain city environment sustainable.(Quality of environment) To create peaceful pleasant atmosphere in city. To have industrial area also environment friendly. Recreational zones at doorsteps Provide sense of seasons Backyard orchards (Fruits, Vegetables and flowers)

11. Problem with today’s Cities Pollution in air and water Waste disposal Traffic Congestion Overcrowding No Peaceful residential zone Unplanned distribution of community facilities

12. G ARD E N CITY MOVEM E NT

13. F E A TURES OF GARDEN CI T Y OF HO W ARD A c c o mmo da t e 32 , 000 peo p le- 6 , 000 ac r e s (2 , 400 ha) of Land, Plan n e d on a con c en t ric p at t e rn wit h o pe n s p a ces, publi c p ar ks and six ra dia l boul evard s , 120 f t (37 m ) wid e , ex t endi ng from the center. The g arde n city w o ul d b e s e l f - suffi c i en t and wh e n i t re a ched fu l l pop u lation , anothe r ga r de n city w o ul d be develope d nea r b y . H o war d envi s age d a clus te r o f s e v e ral g a r d e n cities a s s a telli t e s of a c e ntra l city of 50 , 000 peo p le , link e d by ro a d and ra il 13

14. D EFINITION O F GAR D EN CITY T e rm means ‘ a cit y i n a garden ‘ or cit y o f gardens ’ . B y Ga r de n cities and T o wn Planning As s o c iatio n , 1919 “ a garden c i ty i s a t o wn designed f or hea l thy l i vin g and ind u s t r y ; o f a s i ze t h a t make s poss i ble a full m e asur e o f so c ial l i f e ; b u t no t l arge r ; s u rr o unded b y a r ural be l t ; t h e wh o le o f t h e land being i n pub l ic ownership o r held i n trust for com m unity ”

15. C OR E PRINCIPLES OF GAR D EN CITY 15 Strong communi ty Ordered de v elopment En v ironm enta l q u al i ty

16. P RIN C IPLES OF GAR D EN CITY Co- op e rat v e holdin g of lan d t o i n sure t ha t t h e advan t ag e of ap p reciation of lan d valu e s g o e s t o t he community, not the p r i v ate individuals. Economic and s o cial advantage s of lar g e s c al e plan n ing Establish m e n t of cities o f limi t e d size, b u t a t t h e same time po s s e ssing a bala nc e d ag r ic u ltura l indu s trial e c onomy U r ba n decentralization Use of a su r ro u nding green belt to serve as an agricultural rec r eation a l a r ea. 16

17. . F E A TURES O F GAR D EN CITY

18. C ONCEPTUAL L A YOUT OF A GARDEN CITY Ci r c u l a r city g r o win g i n a radial manner or patte r n . Divide d int o si x equa l w ar ds , by

19. 22 The c e n t r a l p ar k e n c l o s e d by a c r y stal pal a ce ac t s as an arca d e f o r indo or s h op s and winte r ga r den s . The s t re e ts f o r h o use s a r e f o r m e d by a s e ries of con c entr i c ring e d tree line d avenue s . Di s ta n ce be t w e e n e a ch ring va r y betwee n 3-5km . A 420 feet w i d e , 3 mil e long , G ra n d a v enu e w h i c h run i n the c e nt e r of c o n cen t r i c r ing s , ho u s es t he schools a n d c h u r c h e s and ac t s a s a continuous public park. C ONCEPTUAL L A YOUT OF A GARDEN CITY

20. 3 C ONCEPTUAL L A YOUT OF A GARDEN CITY

21. G ARDE N CIT Y CONCE P T IN PRA C TICE The fi r st G a rd e n Cit y e v olve d out of Howard ’ s p rin c ipl e s is Letc h w or th G a rde n C i t y de s igne d by R ay m on d U n wi n a n d Barry Par k e r i n 1903. The se c on d one t o evol v e wa s W e l w y n Garden Ci t y de s ign e d by Loui s de Sois s on s and Fr e d e r i c Os bo r n i n 1920. Another example was Radburn City designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright in 1928.

22. LE T C H WORTH, E N GLAN D , UK Letch w or t h- 35mi l esf rom London. l an d of 3822 acres . rese r ved gree n be l t - 1300 acres . des i gne d fo r ma x imum o f 3 5 ooo population i n 30 y e ar s -d e vel oped w i t h 1 5 00 popu l at i o n and 150 shops, i ndust r i es Let c h w o rth i s a inde p en d e n t city wit h a c o m plet e m u ni c ipa l li f e of its o wn I t i s an ind u s t rial city wi t h al l t h e f u n ctio n s a n d a ctiv i ties of a s e lf c o ntaine d c o mmunity I t i s plan n e d as ho m e f o r al l kind of indu s t ries wit h f a c ili t ie s of c h eap light , po w e r , pow e r , f u e l and w ater Let c h w o rth i s m e an t f o r al l la sses of p eopl e, the w ork er s a n d t he o w ne r s

23. WE L WYN, UK W e l w y n - 2 4 mil e s from L o n d o n . l a n d o f 237 8 a cr e s. d e si g n e d for a ma x im u m o f 4 p o p u l a tio n . i n 1 5 y ea rs - de v e l o pe d w it h1000 p o p u l a tion a n d 5 sh o ps, i n d u stries 23

24. W elwy n g a rden city w a s the s econ d g ar d en city in England ( f o u nde d 1 92 ) and o n e of the f i r st n ew towns (d e s ignate d 19 4 8 ) . It i s u niqu e i n bei n g b oth garde n city and a n ew town and exempli f ie s t h e physi c al , social and c u ltura l plan n in g ideals 30

25. Walwyn , Garden City 25

26. 26

27. BANGALURU Possibilities to check Asia’s fastest growing cosmopolitan city It is the home to IT industry and many scientific establishments Blessed with a good climate, gardens, peaks, natural lakes, architectural land marks, hoping malls Bangalore is the ideal gateway of India and beyond.

28. Settelite towns Comparison between Garden City & Sattelite town:

29. D EV E L O PM E NT S INFLUEN C ED BY THE G ARDEN CITY MOVEMENT Glenr othe s , U n ite d Kingdom Bed f o rd Par k , London, U n ite d King d om C ovare s a , V all a d o lid , Spain D en- en - chō fu , Ōt a , T o k yo, J a pan H e ller a u , D r e s den , Ge r many Kowloon T ong , Kowloon, H o n g Kong Marino, D u blin , Ireland Mil t o n Ke y ne s , England, U n ite d Kingdom Pinelands, C a p e T o w n , Sou t h A f ri c a V illag e H omes, D av i s, C a li f o r nia , U n ite d S t ates Re s ton, V irginia , Unite d S ta t es S t H e lie r , London, U n ite d Kingdom T apiol a , Finland T elford , U n ite d Kingdom The Garden V illage , K ingsto n upon Hull

30. FEW IMAGES : FUTURE GARDEN CITIES

31. Path way and Seating Arrangement

32. Green balconies, Green Corridor

33. Green balconies, Green Corridor

34. Green balconies, Green Corridor

35. Green balconies, Green Corridor

36. Planning in Denmark

37. Real practice

38. Video Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SrG2iRsudM a video link to watch Garden city movement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-s21HJEQPo How to build a Garden city