Lec-8 SLUMS- Effects, Causes and Cure.pptx

Introduction to slums,
Causes of Slum Development,
Characteristics of slums,
Effects of slums in Urban Area,
Slum Clearance,
Complete removal Method,
Open Plot Scheme,
Improvement method,
Works of improvement,
Slum Prevention,
Preventive measures for slums,
Difficulties in slum clearance program,
Pradhanmantri Aawas Yojana.

1. Slums Samirsinh P. Parmar Dept. of Civil Engineering Dharmasinh Desai University, Nadiad Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Lecture- 8

2. Con t e n t  Introdu c t i on  Causes of Slums  Charac t erist i cs Of Slums  E f fects Of Slums  Slum Clear a nce

3. Th e s e a r e c omm o n ly known as Bu s t ees in K o l k a t a Cher i es in Chen n ai Ah a t as in U . P . Jhopa r p a t t i s in Mu m bai Jhupar p a ti in Guj r a t

4. T own Plann i ng & Slums

5. A Slum is predominantly an overcrowded area which is in an advanced stage of decay where dwelling are unfit for human habitation. It is like an area where the basic amenities like water supply, drainage, for standard living are lacking, insanitary conditions prevail, and diseases flourish. It is a poverty stricken area, where there is a high rate of birth, infant mortality, illegitimacy, juvenile crime, delinquency and death, thus representing a state of hell on the surface of earth. Slum

6. Characteristics of Slums

7. Slum Slum is a menace to health, safety, mortality and general welfare of inhabitants . The central Government in its slum area improvement act has adopted the definition of slum as “ Any predominantly residential area where the dwelling which by reason of dilapidation overcrowding, faulty arrangement of design, lack of ventilation, light or Sanitary facility or any combination of these factors are detrimental to safety, health and morals ”.

8. Slum

9. Slums: The areas characterized by sub standard housing conditions within the city of some place outside the city are known as the slums. Slums is always an area , a single neglected building, even in the worst stage of deterioration, does not make a slum.

10. Characteristics of Slums

11. Cause s of Sl u ms ( In general) Poverty Absence of proper housing facility Migration Rapid raise of urban population Careless and neglect of house owners High rental rate in cities Lack of cheap transport system Unplanned growth of cities Negligence of govt. and municipality

12. Causes of Slums: Broader view Decentralization: rich and middle class people move out of the extended portions of the town . Poor people are left unattended in the overcrowded central area of the town. Economic conditions: Unemployment, growth of population, poverty Education: Easily dragged into social evil without any attention to improvement of the living condition. Improper use of land: If the lands fit for particular use are utilized for industries or vice versa the slums are formed. Industrialization: No proper planning of the houses of labor.

13. Slums Characteristics of Slums

14. Causes of Slums: Broader view Lake of zoning: If the town is not divided into the suitable zones and development is allowed to take place at random, the slums may be created. Migrants: The persons migrating from the surrounding areas may occupy, usually illegally, the vacant or empty places in or out the city. Power of local authority: If the local authority concerned does not possess adequate powers to control the development of town, the slums may be formed. Lake of repair and maintenance: If cheap houses constructed by the land owner for the purpose of collecting rents are not properly maintained, then the slums may forms.

15. Slu m s Characteristics of Slums

16. Characterist ics of Slums

17. Characteristic s of Slums Appearance: The universal mark of the slum is its unpleasant appearance. The structures appear to be deteriorated and to be over aged. Fire hazard: The slum area often exposed to fire accidents and consequent damages. One stick of matches may prove to sufficient to reduce the whole slum to ashes in no time. Health and Sanitation: The slum is characterized by low standard of sanitation and is often neglected most by the public service for sanitation. Refers an area of high sickness and death rates.

18. Characteristic s of Slums

19. Characteristic s of Slums Overcrowding: The slum is overcrowded with buildings or the buildings are overcrowded with people. Moral: The socially disorganized slum may prove to be an area of criminal behavior. Income criteria: Poverty area and it is occupied by people of the lowest group of the society. Social isolation: The slum area is of the lowest social status and it is usually linked up with the rest of the community through its labor force.

20. Dwelling Units of Slums

21. Ef f ec t s O f S l u m s  F o ll o wi n g a r e the ba d e f f ects of s l um s on the t ow n l i f e : - Hea l t h Lac k of ame n i t ies Sur r ound i n g l o c ali t y W ork i n g c ond i t i ons Unde s i r able l ook

22. Effects of Slums The effect of slums are summarized as below: Absence of amenities: The Surrounding area of slums is lacking in essential amenities in required proportion because of over- crowding. Health : The persons residing in slums are easily attacked by various types of diseases. The climate of slums is such that it easily leads to unhealthy conditions. Surrounding Locality: The working of institution like library, schools, hospitals, etc located nearby slums, is seriously affected.

23. Effects of Slums Undesirable spots The slums are such on a city plan forms undesirable spots and in a sense, disturbs the appearance of a city plan. Working Conditions It is not possible to work peacefully in slums because the whole area is full of noise, traffic congestion, smoke, dust and darkness. In short a slum as such forms a black spot and spoils the healthy environment of the city as a whole.

24. Slum Characteristics Scarcity and Absence of Water supply No, or Dirty Sanitation Facility

25. No, or Dirty Sanitation Facility

26. SLUM CLEARANCE

27. T o imp r o v e l i v i n g st a n da r d s of peop le of the s l u m a r ea. T o p r o vi d e es se n t i a l a meni t ies li k e cle a n dr i n ki n g w a t er , s ani t a t i o n , clean sur r ound i ng f o r hea l t h y l i vi n g. T o p r e v e n t sp r ead of e p i dem i c i n the t ow n . T o br i n g d o wn soc ial d i spar ity a mong the v ari ou s clas s es of peop le . T o i m p r o v e the ae s th e t i c of a t o w n . Object i v es O f S l u m C lea r ance

28. S l u m C l ea r anc e S l u m clea r ance m a y b e d e f i ne d as the c omp le t e r em o v al of s l u m a r ea f r o m the cit y .

29. Slu m A r ea Imp r ovement

30. Slu m Clearance

31. Me t hod s o f s l u m c l ea r anc e I m p r o v eme n t m e thod Comp le t e r em o v al me thod

32. Complet e Remova l Method

33. Multistory – Without maintenance and Overcrowding

34. Imp r ovement Method

35. I mp r o v eme n t m e thod Th is m e thod i s a do p t ed whe r e s l um s a r e du e t o poo r d r ai na g e s y st em a n d unhea l t h y c ond i t i ons . Hence the drainage arrangement is mod if i ed and im p r o v e d . Pub l ic ut ility se r vices l i k e w a t er , d r ai na g e , g as , elect r ici t y m a y b e p r ov i de d i n s l um a r e a . F e w hou s es nee d som e imp r o v eme n t to ma k e them mo r e hab i t abl e .

36. Imp r ovement Method

37. Points T o Be Remembe r ed I n Slum Clearance Amenitie s : I n a d d i t i o n t o w idening o f r o a d s , the p u bli c util i ty s e rv i c e s suc h a s w ate r , drainage , and e l e c t r i c i ty shoul d also be made ad e qu a te f or the a f f e c t e d ar e a . Leg a l Aspec ts : The l e g a l for m alit i es r equi r ed t o be implem e nte d for the s l um c l earance shoul d be s t r i c t ly fol l ow e d. The unne c e s s a ry haste re s ults into s e rious l egal co m plic a t i o n s , T h e l e g a l aspect in c lude p u bli c ation and c i r cula t ion o f t h e s l u m c l ea r a n ce p r oje c t, a c q ui s it i on o f lan d s , c o mpensa t ion for a c q ui r ed p r o p e r ti e s, arrangem e n t for the evi c t e d po p ulation , etc .

38. Points T o Be Remembe r ed I n Slum Clearance T ran sit Camp s : When the slu m cl e arance sche m e is t a k en in hand, the pe r son occup y ing th e sl u m w ill hav e t o be di s h o u s e d , th e tran s i t c a m p in th e fo rm of se m i- perm a nen t o r te mp o r a ry b u il din g s a r e con s tructed in s o me o t he r p a rts of th e t o w n t o a c c omm od a t e s uch pe r so ns temporaril y .

39. Points T o Be Remembe r ed I n Slum Clearance

40. Points T o Be Remembe r ed I n Slum Clearance Unauthoriz e d Pe r s o n : T o ar r est t h e u naut h orized p e rsons to t ake a d van t a g e d u ring t h e t r a n s it p e rio d , i t i s d e sira b l e t o issue t he s l um dw e l l e r , a p assbook c o n tai n ing t h e com p l ete de t ai l s o f a fami l y . S u ch pract i ce wil l avoid falsif i c a t i on & im p e r sonati o n o f u n authori z ed pers o n .

41. Points T o Be Remembe r ed I n Slum Clearance

42. Slu m A r ea in India n Cities It i s a sa d stat e o f af f air t ha t s ome o f the wors t sl u m i n t h e wo r ld can b e f o u n d i n m ajor In d ian c i ti e s li k e Mu m ba i , Cal c utta , Ahmadabad , S u r a t, Chenna i and Delh i. The s l ums are s prea d i ng ve r y ra p idly due t o l ack o f pr o p e r an d e f fe c tive to w n an d c o u n try pla n nin g .

43. Dharav i Sl u m Mumbai Nochi k u p p a m Sl u m Chenn a i Bas a n t i Sl u m Kol k a t a Rajendr a Nag a r Sl u m Bang a lo r e I n dir a mma Na g ar Hyderabad S a r oj Na g ar Sl u m Na g p ur Mehb u lla h p u r Sl u m Luc k n o w Parivart a n Sl u m A h ma d a b ad : Ap pro xi m ately 44000 people liv e in sl u m s wit h in th e c i t y . Ah m a d abad is ho m e to a la r ge populat i on of poor peop l es living o n th e ri v er ban ks. Riv e r si d e slu m s in Ah m adabad are abo ut 4 yr o l d. Slu m A r ea in Indi a n Cities

44. The p r o b lem o f slu m s i n Mu m b a i i s v e ry a c u t e . T h e a r eas of slu m i n Mu m ba i va r y f r om fract i on o f a h e ct a r e t o as ma n y a s 2 4 h ecta r e i n ka m a t hi p ur a and a b out 132 hect a r es i n Dhar a v i . Dhar a vi i s the bigge s t slu m o n the city map o f Mu m bai . Du e t o r a p i d growth and migrat i on o f p o pulat i on t he s l ums hav e c o nsi d er a bly expande d i n Calc u tta, Ch e n n ai, Surat , et c . Slu m A r ea in India n Cities

45. Dharavi , Mumbai

46. Slu m A r ea in India n Cities The Crit i cal n at u r e of th e p r oblem is demo n s t rated by th e fa ct t hat 4 2 t o 6 7 % of h omes do n ot hav e ta p w a t e r , 2 6 t o 5 % h o mes do not hav e toilet s . Fro m recent s t u dy it is r efle c ted t hat n e arly 74. 2 % of sl u m exis t s in 22 2 bi g to w n s an d cities. W ith the limited r esou r ce a v ailable, the g o vernm e nt a n d semi g o vernment b o die s w ill hav e t o plan out i n t ellig ently sl u m clearance p r o g rammes to g r ant adequ a t e and dec e nt hou s i ng to every h u m an bei ng.

47. Slu m A r ea in Ind i an Cities

48. D iffi c u l t i e s i n s l u m c l e a r an c e Lac k of r esou r ce s . H i g h c o s t of al t er n a ti v e s i t es nea r p lace of w ork . Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to move from slum area. Low rent paying capacity of the slum dwellers.

49. P r evention Of Sl u m Formation If we know the root cause of development of slums, we can prevent it

50. P r evention Of Sl u m The fo rma t io n of slu m is a very sl o w p r ocess an d ext r eme ca r e s hould be exe r cised by th e au t h o rity t o p r event th e s pring i n g u p of ne w slu ms in th e to w n . S o m e of t he i m p o rtant m e a s u res whic h ca n b e taken to p r event th e sl u m for m atio n . Chea p Housi ng S u f ficient n o of che a p h o using s h o uld b e m ade ava i lable t o the poor peo ple.

51. Chea p Housing

52. P r evention Of Sl u m Compu l sio n T o Em p loy e rs The e m p l oyer of a g o od n u m be r of l aborers may be compell e d o r f orced t o p r ovide h o u sin g accom m odation for their sta f f. Constructio n of Bu i l d i n gs Ce r t ain rules a n d r e g u l ations m ay b e f ramed and stri c t l y enfo r c e d t o r estrict t h e comi n g u p o f b u il d i ng s of su b norma l standards

53. P r evention Of Sl u m Maintenance An d Repair The r es p onsi b il i t y o f m a i nte n ance and ca r ryi n g o u t r e p air shoul d b e f i x e d and d e f i ne d i n h ousing codes o r a c t s . It then b e comes t he du t y o f landlord o r ten a nt t o keep e x ist i ng b u ilding i n a goo d c o n d itio n . Ren t Re s tric t ion If p r o v i sion s i s made t o r est r i ct the i nc r e a s e o f r e n t , tenentants wil l b e p r ote c ted.

54. P r evention Of Sl u m S o c i al Ed u cation I t i s p o ss i bl e t o che c k the g r owth o f s l u ms by ca r rying out ef f e c ti v e soc i al edu c ation of t h e s l u m dw e l l e r s , the soc i al edu c a t i on m akes the s l u m dwe l l e r c o nscious o f the evils o f the s l um , a n d a g r e a t imp r ovement in the l i ving s t a n d a rd o f s l u m dw e l l e r s could be achieve d . U na u thori z ed C o nst r uction I t i s absolute ne c e s sar y t o ar r e s t i m mediat e l y the unaut h ori z ed construc t i on i n the fo r m o f h ut s a n d te mpor a ry s truc t u r es o n vacant pie c e o f lan d . The au t h o r i t i e s co n c e rn e d s h o u l d t a ke dr a s t ic a c t ion i n de m olishing a nd r e m o v ing suc h u n authori z ed const r uct i o n .

55. Socia l Education

56. P r evention Of Sl u m

57. Pradhan Mantri A wa s Y ojana

58. प्रधा न मंत्री आ वास यो जनना