Lect-4-Design of PV system for Small Family (1).pptx

This presentation is design of solar system.

1. Design of Solar PV System For Small Family

2. Solar Insolation Data: TAKEN FROM SURFACE MEASURED SOLAR RADIATION AND SOLAR ASSESMENT REVIEW OF PAKISTAN BY Z.R.TAHIR AND M.ASIM STATION WMO INDEX LATITUDE LONGITUDE ALTITUDE SOLAR INSOLATION(KWh/m2) MIN MAX ANNUAL ISLAMABAD 41,571 33.62 73.10 347 2.23 5.42 3.95 KARACHI 41,780 24.90 67.13 022 4.03 6.51 5.31 KHUZDAR 41,744 27.83 66.63 488 LAHORE 41,640 31.55 74.33 214 2.61 5.93 4.36 MULTAN 41,675 30.20 71.43 123 3.09 6.45 5.06 PESHAWAR 41,530 34.00 71.52 359 3.02 7.30 5.16 QUETTA 41,661 30.18 66.95 1721 3.40 7.26 5.41

3. Sources and the nature of Insolation Data: Sources Karachi Lahore Peshawar Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Mean WRDC 4.03 6.51 5.31 2.61 5.93 4.36 3.02 7.30 5.16 1986 Sukhera et al. 3.83 6.55 5.20 3.04 6.67 4.76 2.68 7.05 4.99 1990 Chaudhry 4.08 6.46 5.28 2.60 6.12 4.53 2.64 6.63 4.65 1993 Nasir and Raza 3.69 6.36 5.06 2.78 6.34 4.74 2.40 6.44 4.65 1994 Raja and Twidell 3.91 6.39 5.11 2.82 6.54 4.79 2.92 7.37 5.05 2006 Muneer et al. 3.92 6.39 5.11 2.83 6.56 4.79 2.92 7.36 5.05

4. Solar Map of Pakistan:

5. Solar Photovoltaic System: Solar photovoltaic system or solar power system is very reliable and clean source of electricity, that converts sunlight into electricity by the use of photovoltaic module. The electricity generated can be used directly or stored . PV system consists of different components according to your system type, site location and applications. It converts solar energy into the electrical power without utilizing running or moving devices.

6. Basic Components of Solar PV system: PV Module: For the conversion of sunlight into electricity we use PV module Solar Charge Controller: To control current and voltage coming to battery from PV panels, and to prevent fluctuations. It increases the life cycle of battery and prevents its overcharging. Inverter: It converts DC output of PV panels into AC current.

7. Basic Components of Solar PV system: Battery: Used to store and supply electric power. Load: These are equipments/appliances which are supposed to be operated by the electric power obtained from the PV system.

8. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: There are 4 steps to design a the PV system. Determination of Total Consumption Demand PV Modules ( Size & Numbers) Inverter Sizing Battery Sizing

9. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: Determination of Total Consumption Demand: We will find-out the total power and energy consumption of entire loads that must be operated by PV system. which can be calculated as follows Sum up required watt-hours for all appliances to obtain total watt- hours per day. Which must be supplied to appliances To get the total watt-hours per day which must be provided by panels, we multiply appliance watt-hour per day to 1.3(loss of energy in system).

10. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: Sizing of PV Modules: Different amount of power will be produced by several sizes of PV modules. We need to calculate total peak watt to determine the size of PV module The amount peak watt rating (w p ) produced relies on climate of site location and module size. We have to consider solar insolation which depends on the climatic conditions of different regions.

11. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: Inverter Sizing: It is used in the systems where AC out put is required. The input ratings should not be less than the total watt of appliances. Have same nominal voltage as your battery. For stand alone system it must be large enough to handle the total amount of power you will be using at a time. To handle the surge current at starting the inverter size should be (25-30)% greater than total rating.

12. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: Battery Sizing Used to store and supply the electric power. Battery must be capable to work in the cloudy whether. Days of autonomy refers to the days when solar PV wouldn’t generate power means cloudy days. We need to consider that how much our system would be capable to provide power without solar energy. Depth of discharge (DOD) is the extent up to which our battery will discharge without degradation. Nominal DOD of a battery is (60 to 80)%.

13. Design of Solar Photovoltaic System: Solar Charge Controller Sizing: Solar charge is generally rated against ampere and voltage capacities. Select a solar charge controller which matches the voltage of PV array and batteries. Solar charge controller should have enough capacity to handle the current coming from PV array. Standard formula to find the size of solar charge controller is given below: Solar charge controller = total short circuit current x 1.3.

14. Standalone System with Appliances Load: EQUIPMENT NUMBERS OP:HOURS/DAY RATING WATT HOUR/DAY TOTAL RATING SAVER 10 8 15 120 150 FAN 3 12 65 780 195 REFRIGERATOR 1 12 250 3000 250 IRON 1 1 1500 1500 1500 AC 1 2 1490 2980 1490 WASHING MACHINE 1 0.7 700 490 700 COMPUTER 1 2 200 400 200 TV 1 4 150 600 150 TOTAL= 9870Wh/day TOTAL RATING = 4635 W We have to design a stand alone system by using the following loads data .

15. Determination of Power Consumption Demands 1. Findout Total Appliances Usage: Appliances Usage = 38.121 k Wh/day It is summation of the rated load of all appliances as in previous slide. 2. Energy Requiired From the PV panels: Energy Required = Appliances Usage * 1.3 = 38.121 * 1.3 Energy Required = 49.5573 k Wh/day

16. Current Peak Load (kWh/day) Annual load growth in % 49.5573 kWh/day 4% Now 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 51.54 kWh/day 53.60 55.74 57.97 60.29

17. Size of PV Panel: 1. Needed Peak Load Capacity: It may be determined by dividing total appliances usage to the solar insolation or the plate generation factor. We will design a standalone PV system on the minimum insolation available for this region. From chart we have taken 4.03 PV panel Wp capacity = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 12831 4.03 PV panel Wp capacity = 3184 Wp

18. Size of PV Panel: 2. Numbers of PV panels: Suppose that our system is powered by 12 Vdc solar plate having 110 Wp as a peak rating. Numbers of panels = 𝑃𝑉 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑊𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 (𝑊𝑝) = 3184 110 Numbers of panels = 28.95 say 29 Thus we need 29 12vdc solar modules to design the standalone PV system.

19. Size of Inverter: From the summation slides we have taken as the total rating of all the appliances included in this system and it is 4635 watts. For safety purposes we would take the inverter size (25 to 30)% greater than total power rating. Total Power Rating = 4635 Inverter Size = 4635 + 0.3 * ( 4635) Inverter Size = 6025.5 or 6030 Thus it is found that the incerter with a rating of 6030 or more is suitable for this system.

20. Size of Battery: Assume that we have selected 12 volt battery for this system. Total appliances usage is 9870 Wh/day Depth of Discharge of battery is taken as 60% Number of days of autonomy would be taken as 3 Battery losses take as 15% Thus the formula of battery capacity would be given as

21. Size of Battery: Battery Capacity = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒∗𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠∗𝐷𝑂𝐷∗𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (9870∗3) (0.85∗0.6∗12) Battery Capacity = 4838.235 Ah or 4900 Ah Battery must having with 12V voltage and 4900 Ah amperage would be suitable.

22. Refrences: http://www.leonics.com/support/article2_12j/articles2_12j_en.php#: ~:text=The%20major%20components%20for%20solar,converts%20s unlight%20into%20DC%20electricity.&text=battery%20and%20prev ents%20battery%20overcharging%20and%20prolongs%20the%20b attery%20life.&text=appliances%20or%20fed%20back%20into%20g rid%20line. http s://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136403211731 0304 http s://www.altestore.com/blog/2016/04/how- do- i- read- specifications- of- my- solar- panel/

23. FOR YOUR PATIENCE