Lecture 01.pptx explalining the importace and beginning of AI

a good ppt on AI importance

1. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI Artificial Intelligence COSC-3112 Dr. Humaira Anwer [email protected] Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 1

2. Introduction About Instructor Dr. Humaira Anwer MS (CSE) - College of E&ME, NUST, Islamabad. PhD (CSE)- College of E&ME, NUST, Islamabad. Can be reached at: [email protected] Student Meeting Hours (Tue-Fri 0800 Hrs. to 1000 Hrs. ) Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 2

3. Textbook for this Course S. Russell and P. Norvig . Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. 3rd edition 2010. Prentice Hall. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 3 Stuart Russell Peter Norvig

4. Today’s Agenda Evaluation Methods Basic Ground Rules Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Related research fields Scope of this course Purpose of this course Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 4

5. EVALUATION METHODS Mid Term……………………………………………………….. 25% Final Term………………………………………………………. 50% Sessional………………………………………………………… 25% Quizzes…………………………………………………….. 10% Assignments…………………………………………….. 5% Term Project/Presentations……………………… 10% Class behavior Attendance must be maintained as per rule (>=75%) 5 Lecture 01 Introduction to AI

6. BASIC GROUND RULES Attendance in lecture is compulsory If you decide to attend the lecture then: Do not talk with your friends during lecture Switch off your mobiles!! Ask Relevant questions but please put your hand up No Plagiarism Whatsoever!!! 6 Lecture 01 Introduction to AI

7. INTRODUCTION TO AI Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 7

8. Early Work (Around 1900) Representatives George Boole Alfred North Whitehead Bertrand A. W. Russell Main contributions Boolean algebra Principia Mathematica Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 8 PM was an attempt to describe a set of axioms and inference rules in symbolic logic from which all mathematical truths could in principle be proven. However, in 1931, Gödel's incompleteness theorem proved definitively that PM could never achieve this lofty goal.

9. Early Work (1930~) Representatives Alan Turing Claude Shannon John von Neumann Main contributions Theory of computation, Turing Machine Turing test (to distinguish machine from human) Information theory, application of Boolean algebra Von Neumann model of computing machines Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 9

10. The first wave (1950~) Representatives John McCarthy Marvin Lee Minsky Herbert Alexander Simon Allen Newell Edward Albert Feigenbaum Main contributions LISP Telepresence Semantic Network & Frame General Problem Solver Expert Systems Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 10 The term AI was proposed by him in the wellknown Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence conference (1956)

11. The second wave (1980~) Representatives David Rumelhart Lotfi Zdeh John Holland Lawrence Forgel Ingo Rechenber John Koza Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 11 Main contributions Learning of MLP Fuzzy logic Genetic algorithms Evolutionary programming Genetic programming Soft computing Human like computing and natural computing

12. The third wave (2000~) Representative technologies Internet Tim Berners-Lee, WWW inventor, 1989 Internet of Things Kevin Ashton, MIT Auto-ID Center, 1999 Cloud Computing Main frame (1950s), virtual machine (1970s), cloud (1990s) Big Data John R. Masey , SGI, 1998 Deep Learning Geoffrey Hinton, UoT , 2006 Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 12

13. A brief summary Early Work Theoretic Foundations First Wave Reasoning with given knowledge Second Wave Learning-based knowledge acquisition Third Wave Learn in cyber-space Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 13

14. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 14

15. Current Status of AI In March 2016, Alpha-Go of DeepMind defeated Lee Sedol , who was the strongest human GO player at that time. This is a big news that may have profound meaning in the human history. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 15

16. Current Status of AI Microsoft Azure Amazon AI IBM Watson Baidu Brain Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 16

17. Current Status of AI Microsoft Azure Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing service created by Microsoft for building, testing, deploying, and managing applications and services through Microsoft-managed data centers. Amazon AI AWS pre-trained  AI  Services provide ready-made intelligence for your applications and workflows. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 17

18. Current Status of AI IBM Watson Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 18

19. Current Status of AI Baidu ( http://research.baidu.com/ ) It is a Chinese research giant that deals in development of super brain AI based solutions. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 19

20. Do you think AI is good or evil? Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 20 https://gizmodo.com/when-superintelligent-ai-arrives-will-religions-try-t-1682837922 https://www.industryweek.com/supply-chain-technology/industry-40-harnessing-power-erp-and-mes-integration Super-intelligence should be a tool for unifying the human beings, support them, and live together with them!

21. After all, what is Intelligence? Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 21

22. Concepts in AI Problem Solving Intelligence can be defined as the ability for solving problems Problem solving is to find the “best” solution in the problem space. Reasoning Reasoning is to interpret or justify solutions or sub-solutions. Planning Planning is to find ways for solving the problem. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 22

23. Concepts in AI Thinking abstractly is to simulate the problem solving process inside the system (brain). Idea/language comprehension is a way (or means) for data/problem/knowledge representation; Learning is the process to find better ways for solving a problem (or a class of problems). Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 23

24. What is AI Textbooks often define artificial intelligence as “the study and design of computing systems that perceives its environment and takes actions like human beings”. The term was introduced by John McCarthy in 1956 in the well-known Dartmouth Conference. In my study, AI is defined as a system that possesses at least one (not necessarily all) of the abilities mentioned in the last two previous slides. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 24 As a research area, AI studies theories and technologies for obtaining systems that are partially or fully intelligent.

25. Definitions of AI “Intelligence: The ability to learn and solve problems” Webster’s Dictionary. “Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software’ Wikipedia. “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines” McCarthy. “The study and design of intelligent agents, where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.” Russel and Norvig AI book. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 25

26. Related research fields Search and optimization Knowledge representation Reasoning and automatic proving Learning and understanding Pattern classification / recognition Planning Problem solving Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 26

27. Scope of this course Search Problem formulation and basic search algorithms Expert system-based reasoning Production system, semantic network, and frame Logic based-reasoning Propositional logic, predicate logic and FOL Soft computing based reasoning Fuzzy logic and multilayer neural network Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 27

28. Scope of this course Machine Learning Classification Neural networks Naïve Bayes Theorem KNNs Intelligent search (if we have time) Uninformed Search Informed Search Genetic algorithm Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 28

29. Purpose of this course Learn how to use basic search methods Understand basic methods for problem formulation and knowledge representation Understand the basic idea of automatic reasoning Know some basic concepts related to pattern recognition and machine learning Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 29

30. Homework for Lecture 01 Write a report using about 500 words to describe one of the key persons who made a great contribution to the AI world. When you refer to any information taken from a paper, a report, a web-site, or any published material, please add a reference and cite it in the correct places in your report. Add your name, student ID, and date below the title of your report, create a pdf-file, and put the file under the specified directory. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 30

31. How to submit the work Make a .pdf file of your work Name file with your reg no. eg . CS1811109 Assignments must be uploaded on LMS as per LMS date and time. For future homework, please do in a similar way. Copied material will be marked 0. Lecture 01 Introduction to AI 31