Lecture 1 - Artificial Intelligence.pdf

This is the lecture of artificial Intelligence basics

1. Artificial
Intelligence

2. Dr. Imran Fareed
Nizami
•Office: 5
th
level room 5-13
•Office hours: Monday 11:30 am ~ 1:00 pm

3. Tools needed for the
course
•Laptop (Attendance will not be marked
without it)
•Anaconda (Spyder/Jupiter
notebook)/google colab

4. Course details
•Quiz (10 marks) (Quiz in each alternate
week) (coding based+theory)
•Assignment (10 marks)
•Complex Engineering Problem (10
marks)
•Mid-Term Exam (20 marks) (Coding
exam in Lab)
•Final Exam (50 marks)
•Marks will be OBE based

5. Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

6. What is AI?

7. •Think of AI as Augmented Intelligence.
•AI should not attempt to replace human experts, but rather extend human capabilities and
accomplish tasks that neither humans nor machines could do on their own.

8. What AI has to offer
The internet has given us access to more information, faster.
Distributed computing and IoT have led to massive amounts of data, and social networking
has encouraged most of that data to be unstructured.
With Augmented Intelligence, we are putting information that subject matter experts need at
their fingertips,and backing it with evidence so they can make informed decisions.
We want experts to scale their capabilities and let the machines do the time-consuming work.

10. •How does AI learn? The only innate intelligence machines have is what we give them.
•We provide machines the ability to examine examples and create machine learning
models based on the inputs and desired outputs.And we do this in different ways such
as Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning

12. •We are far from Generalized AI

14. •AI is the fusion of many fields of study.

15. •Computer Science and Electrical Engineering determine how AI is
implemented in software and hardware.

16. •Mathematics and statistics determine viable models and measure performance.
•Because AI is modeled on how we believe the brain works, psychology and linguistics play an
essential role in understanding how AI might work and philosophy provides guidance on
intelligence and ethical considerations.

17. Question?
•Which is not a means by which AI learns
a)Reinforcement Learning
b)Unsupervised Learning
c)Supervised Learning
d)Proactive Learning

18. Question?
•Which is not a means by which AI learns
a)Reinforcement Learning
b)Unsupervised Learning
c)Supervised Learning
d)Proactive Learning
•AI learns using examples and data.
Therefore proactive learning is not
possible in AI.

19. Question?
•Which of the following are attributes of
Weak or Narrow AI?
a)Learn new tasks to solve new
problems
b)Perform specific tasks
c)Make decisions based on
programmed algorithms and
training data in a specific domain
d)Teach itself new strategies in a
variety of domains

20. Question?
•Which of the following are attributes of
Weak or Narrow AI?
a)Learn new tasks to solve new
problems
b)Perform specific tasks
c)Make decisions based on
programmed algorithms and
training data in a specific domain
d)Teach itself new strategies in a
variety of domains

21. Question?
•What is the role that philosophy plays in
AI?
a)Determine viable learning models
and measure performance
b)Provide guidance on ethical
considerations
c)Determine the application in
software and hardware

22. Question?
•What is the role that philosophy plays in
AI?
a)Determine viable learning models
and measure performance
b)Provide guidance on ethical
considerations
c)Determine the application in
software and hardware

24. The Turing Test

45. What is AI?
•Teaching the machines to learn, and
act, and think as humans would.
•Another dimension isto impart
cognitive capabilities on the machines
and sensory capabilities.
•Analyzing images and videos
about natural language processing
and understandingspeech. It's
about pattern recognition.
•The third axis is more around creating
a technology that's able to, in some
cases, replace what humans do.

46. •Artificial intelligence is a set of
technologies that allows us to
extract knowledge from data.
•So it's any kind of system that
learns orunderstands patterns
within that data, and can identify
them, and then reproduce them on
new information.
•Artificial intelligence is not the kind
ofsimulating human intelligence
that people think it is.It's really not
about intelligence at all. Another
word that describes AImore
accurately today is machine
learning.

47. •Because machine learningtechnology is
all about using essentially mathematics on
computers in order to findpatterns in
data. Now this data can be structured or
unstructured.
•The only difference between machine
learning andthe technologies that came
before it is instead of us, as humans,
having to manually hardcode these
patterns, and these conditions into
computers.
•They'reable to find these patterns on
their own by using math.

48. Question
•In which of the following ways can Artificial
Intelligence (AI) be defined?
a)AI is the application of computing to
help machines solve problems in
intelligent ways without humans having
to hard code the desired outcomes
manually
b)AI is an augmented intelligence, which
helps human experts make evidence-
based informed decisions while the
machines do the time-consuming work
c)AI is about giving machines the
intelligence and capabilities to think
like humans so they can do every job
that a human can

49. Question
•In which of the following ways can Artificial
Intelligence (AI) be defined?
a)AI is the application of computing to
help machines solve problems in
intelligent ways without humans
having to hard code the desired
outcomes manually
b)AI is an augmented intelligence, which
helps human experts make evidence-
based informed decisions while the
machines do the time-consuming work
c)AI is about giving machines the
intelligence and capabilities to think
like humans so they can do every job
that a human can

50. Will AI
replace
human
workforce?
•Artificialintelligence and machine learning is
something that people have been working on
mathematicallysince even before computers were a
thing.
•Machine learning technology is not new at all, in fact, it
existed the very fundamentals at least, formany
decades before we were even born.
•Machine learning technology or at least, for example,
the basic perceptron and these sorts of mathematical
techniques have existed since even before computers or
calculators became popular.
•Machine learning or AI is not simulating a human mind,
butwhat it does try and do, is it tries to open up new
doors for computers.
•It tries to enable computers to understand certain kinds
of data that they couldn't haveunderstood before.

51. •So machinelearning technology is more accurate
term for what AI really is todayand will be in the
future.
•Of course, artificial intelligence isn't meant to
replace us because on a fundamental level, it is a
completely different thing than ahuman brain.

52. Question?
•Which of these statements describes AI
accurately from the human’s point of view?
a)AI will be the downfall of humanity
b)AI enables computers to understand
certain kinds of data that they could not
have understood before, such as natural
language, auditory and visual data
c)AI is human intelligence simulated wholly
within a computer

53. Question?
•Which of these statements describes AI
accurately from the human’s point of view?
a)AI will be the downfall of humanity
b)AI enables computers to
understand certain kinds of data
that they could not have
understood before, such as natural
language, auditory and visual data
c)AI is human intelligence simulated
wholly within a computer

54. AI Life Cycle

60. •LLM type of generative artificial intelligencebased on deep learning techniques is designed to process and
generate natural language.For instance, Generative AI can develop new and more powerful LLM algorithms or
architectures,resulting in more accurate or efficient natural language processing and generation capabilities.
•Alternatively, a Generative AI can design and incorporate LLM into a larger, more advancedAI system to perform
various advanced tasks, such as decision-making, problem-solving,and creative work.Generative AI encompasses
various AI technologies and the idea of developing AI systems.

68. Additional
reading
•https://www.ibm.com/blog/ai-is-
not-magic/

69. Impact of Artificial
Intelligence

70. •PricewaterhouseCoopers
International Limited is a
British multinational professional
services brand of firms, operating
as partnerships under the PwC
brand.
•It is the second-largest
professional services network in
the world and is considered one
of the Big Four accounting firms,
along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG.
•$16 trillion of GDP willbe added between now and 2030 on the basis of AI.
•This is a never before seen scale of economic impact, and it is not justin the IT industry, it impacts virtually every industry
and aspect of our lives.

72. •The natural language processing andnatural language generation capabilities of
AI are not only enabling machines andhumans to understand and interact with
each other, butare creating new opportunities and new ways of doing business.

73. •Chatbots powered by natural language processing capabilities, are being used
in healthcare to question patients and run basic diagnoses like real doctors.

74. •In education, they are providing students witheasy to learn conversational
interfaces and on-demand online tutors.

75. •Customer service chatbots are improving customer experience by resolving
queries on the spot and freeing up agents time for conversations that add
value.

76. •AI-powered advances in speech-to-text technology have made real time
transcription a reality.

77. •Advances in speech synthesis are the reason companies are using AI-powered
voice to enhance customer experience, and give their brand its unique voice.

78. •It is due to advances in AI that the field of computer vision has been able to
surpass humans in tasks related to detecting and labeling objects.

79. •Computer vision is one of the reasons why cars can steer their way on streets
andhighways and avoid hitting obstacles.

80. •Computer vision algorithms detect facial features and images andcompare
them with databases of face profiles.

81. •This is what allows consumer devices to authenticate the identities of
theirowners through facial recognition, social media apps to detect and tag
users, andlaw enforcement agencies to identify criminals in video feeds.

83. •AI is impacting the quality of our lives on a daily basis.
•There's AI in our Netflix queue, our navigation apps, keeping spam out of our
inboxes and reminding us of important events.

86. (Specific humans)
(about health and finances)
(that may invade privacy)

87. Question?
•Which of the following are applications of
Computer Vision?
a)On-demand online tutors
b)Finding symptoms in X-Ray and MRI
scans
c)Detecting fraudulent transactions
d)Self-driving cars

88. Question?
•Which of the following are applications of
Computer Vision?
a)On-demand online tutors
b)Finding symptoms in X-Ray and MRI
scans
c)Detecting fraudulent transactions
d)Self-driving cars

89. Question
•Advances in speech-to-text technology
are the reason speech-impaired
patients are able to speak in their own
voice.
•True
•False

90. Question
•Advances in speech-to-text technology are
the reason speech-impaired patients are
able to speak in their own voice.
•True
•False
AI-powered advances in speech synthesis
(text-to-speech rather than speech-to-
text) have made it possible for machines
to re-create a specific human's voice. One
of the applications of this technology is to
help speech-impaired patients talk in
their real voice in place of a computerized
voice when they type what they want to
say.

91. Question?
Which of the following aspects involved in
converting the stethoscope into a digital
device to support patient diagnoses involves
the use of AI?
a)Amplifying the sound of heart beats
so the physician can detect patterns
more easily
b)Using a machine learning model
trained with previous diagnosis results
to assist physicians with their current
diagnosis
c)Inserting a digitizer into the
stethoscope tube to convert the
analog sound of the heart beat into a
digital signal

92. Question?
Which of the following aspects involved in
converting the stethoscope into a digital
device to support patient diagnoses involves
the use of AI?
a)Amplifying the sound of heart beats
so the physician can detect patterns
more easily
b)Using a machine learning model
trained with previous diagnosis
results to assist physicians with their
current diagnosis
c)Inserting a digitizer into the
stethoscope tube to convert the
analog sound of the heart beat into a
digital signal

93. Question?
Which of these is NOT an application of
AI?
a)Classifying rock samples to
identify best places to drill for
oil
b)Precise disease diagnoses and
prescribing treatments
independently
c)Collaborative Robots helping
humans lift heavy containers

94. Question?
Which of these is NOT an application of
AI?
a)Classifying rock samples to
identify best places to drill for
oil
b)Precise disease diagnoses and
prescribing treatments
independently
c)Collaborative Robots helping
humans lift heavy containers

95. Question
AI is being used in the recovery of patients who
have suffered a neurological trauma by triggering
new neural pathways to form in their brain using
robotic devices to trigger corresponding
movements in the body.
a)True
b)False

96. Question
AI is being used in the recovery of patients who
have suffered a neurological trauma by triggering
new neural pathways to form in their brain using
robotic devices to trigger corresponding
movements in the body.
a)True
b)False
Different movements of the human body correspond to specific
parts of the brain that control these movements. By creating
massive data sets of information of how people move and how that
corresponds to different areas of the brain, AI-powered robots are
able to trigger specific movements in the human body which in
turn create new neural pathways in the brain

97. Generative AI
Applications

105. Summary
•AI-powered applications are creating an impact in
diverse areas such as Healthcare, Education,
Transcription, Law Enforcement, Customer Service,
Mobile and Social Media Apps, Financial Fraud
Prevention, Patient Diagnoses, Clinical Trials, and
more.
•Some of these applications include:
•Robotics and Automation, where AI is making it
possible for robots to perceive unpredictable
environments around them in order to decide
on the next steps.
•Airport Security, where AI is making it possible
for X-ray scanners to flag images that may look
suspicious.
•Oil and Gas, where AI is helping companies
analyze and classify thousands of rock samples
to help identify the best locations to drill for
oil?