Lecture _1_Basic of Computer, Hardware, and Software (inside of computer resources)_Ch_01A.ppt

Lecture _1_Basic of Computer, Hardware, and Software (inside of computer resources)_Ch_01A.ppt

1. 1A-1
Introduction To Computer
Muhammad Asim Khan
[email protected]
Jiangxi University of Science and
Technology, Ganzhou, China

2. 1A-2
•Chapter 1: Introducing Computer Systems
•Lesson 1A: Exploring Computers and Their Uses
•Lesson 1B: Looking Inside the Computer System 2
•Chapter 2: Presenting the Internet
•Lesson 2A: The Internet and the World 3
•Lesson 2B: E-Mail and Other Internet Services 5
•Computing Keynotes: Creating Your Own Web Page
•Chapter 3: Interacting with Your Computer
•Lesson 3A: Using the Keyboard and Mouse 6
•Lesson 3B: Inputting Data in Other Ways 7
•Chapter 4: Seeing, Hearing, and Printing Data
•Lesson 4A: Video and Sound 8
•Lesson 4B: Printing 9
•Computing Keynotes: Buying Your First Computer
•Chapter 5: Processing Data
•Lesson 5A: Transforming Data into Information 10
•Lesson 5B: Modern CPUs 14

3. 1A-3
•Chapter 6: Storing Data
•Lesson 6A: Types of Storage Devices 15
•Lesson 6B: Measuring and Improving Drive Performance 16
•Chapter 7: Using Operating Systems
•Lesson 7A: Operating System Basics 18
•Lesson 7B: Survey of PC and Network Operating Systems 19
•Chapter 8: Working with Application Software
•Lesson 8A: Productivity Software 20
•Lesson 8B: Graphics and Multimedia 22
•Chapter 9: Networks
•Lesson 9A: Networking Basics 23
•Lesson 9B: Data Communications 26
•Chapter 10: Working in the Online World
•Lesson 10A: Connecting to the Internet 38
•Lesson 10B: Doing Business in the Online World 28
•Computing Keynotes: Professional Certification Programs

4. 1A-4
•Chapter 11: Database Management
•Lesson 11A: Database Management Systems 29
•Lesson 11B: Survey of Database Systems 30
•Chapter 12: Development of Information Systems
•Lesson 12A: The Basics of Information Systems 31
•Lesson 12B: Building Information Systems 32
•Chapter 13: Software Programming and Development
•Lesson 13A: Creating Computer Programs 33
•Lesson 13B: Programming Languages and the Programming Process
34
•Chapter 14: Protecting Your Privacy, Your Computer, and Your Data
•Lesson 14A: Understanding the Need for Security Measures 35
•Lesson 14B: Taking Protective Measures 36
•Computing Keynotes: Computer Viruses

5. 1A-5
•Scan and add all figures, captions, and
tables.
•Add Review Questions.
•Add Homework at end of
http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~fuh/fcourse/
norton6/Intro_Ch_01B.ppt
•Add topics and explain in detail.
•Add jokes.
•Design two questions and answers.

6. 1A-6
Prob1B.劉立彥.doc
•1. (10%) What are the four steps in
Information Processing Cycle?
•Answer: Input, Processing, Output,
Storage.

7. 1A-7
I have a dream. Martin Luther King Jr.
•ACM: Association for Computing Machinery
•ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
•http://acm.uva.es/problemset/
•solving 20 problems = 5 points, 50 problems = 10
points
•100 problems = 20 points, 200 problems = 30 points,
400 problems = 40 points
•all problems with on-line judge = 50 points
•tell me the number of problems solved immediately
after final examination

8. Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Chapter 1A
Introducing Computer
Systems

10. 1A-10
The Computer Defined
•Electronic device
•Converts data into information
•Modern computers are digital
–Two digits combine to make data (0, 1)

11. 1A-11
The Computer Defined
•Older computers were analog
–A range of values made data

12. 1A-12
The Computer Defined
•Older computers were analog
–A more manageable type --the old-
fashioned slide rule

13. 1A-13
Take a Break

14. 1A-14
Computers for Individual Use
•Computers can
be shared by
multiple users
but can be used
by only one
person at a time.

15. 1A-15
Computers for Individual Use
•Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together to
create networks.

16. 1A-16
Computers for Individual Use
•Desktop computers
–The most common type of computer
–Sits on the desk or floor
–Performs a variety of tasks

17. 1A-17
Computers for Individual Use
•Desktop computers
–Different design types

18. 1A-18
Computers for Individual Use
•Workstations
–Specialized computers
–Optimized for science or graphics
–More powerful than a desktop

19. 1A-19
Computers for Individual Use
•Notebook computers
–Small portable computers
–Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds

20. 1A-20
Computers for Individual Use
•Notebook computers
–About 8 ½ by 11 inches
–Typically as powerful as a desktop
–Can include a docking station

21. 1A-21
Computers for Individual Use
•Tablet computers
–Newest development
in portable
computers
–Input is through
a pen
–Run specialized
versions of office
products

22. 1A-22
•Handheld computers, palm computer
–Very small computers
–Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
–Note taking or contact management
–Data can synchronize with a desktop
Computers for Individual Use

23. 1A-23
Computers for Individual Use
•Smart phones
–Hybrid of
cell phone
and PDA
–Web surfing,
e-mail access

24. 1A-24
Take a Break

25. 1A-25
Computers for Organizations
•Network servers
–Centralized computer
–All other computers connect

26. 1A-26
Computers for Organizations
•Network servers
–Provides access to network resources
–Multiple servers are called server farms
–Often simply a powerful desktop: Google

27. 1A-27
•Network servers
–Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
Computers for OrganizationsComputers for Organizations
Computers for Organizations

28. 1A-28
Computers for Organizations
•Network servers
–Users use the Internet as a means of
connecting even if away from the offices.

29. 1A-29
Computers for Organizations
•Mainframes
–Used in large organizations
–Handle thousands of users
–Users access through a terminal

30. 1A-30
Computers for Organizations
•Mainframes
–Large and powerful systems

31. 1A-31
Computers for Organizations
•Minicomputers
–Called midrange computers
–Power between mainframe and desktop
–Handle hundreds of users
–Used in smaller organizations
–Users access through a terminal

32. 1A-32
Computers for Organizations
•Supercomputers
–The most powerful
computers made
–Handle large and
complex calculations
–Process trillions of
operations per
second
–Found in research
organizations

33. 1A-33
Take a Break

34. 1A-34
Computers in Society
•More impact than any other invention
–Changed work and leisure activities
–Used by all demographic groups
•Computers are important because:
–Provide information to users
–Information is critical to our society
–Managing information is difficult

35. 1A-35
Computers in Society
•Impact of computers
–Like the Impact of automobile

36. 1A-36
Computers in Society
•The benefits of using computers
–As varied as users

37. 1A-37
Computers in Society
•Computers at home
–Many homes have multiple computers
–Most American homes have Internet
–Computers are used for
•Communication

38. 1A-38
Computers in Society
•Computers at home
–Computers are used for
•Business
•Entertainment
•Schoolwork
•Finances

39. 1A-39
Computers in Society
•Computers in education
–Computer literacy required at all levels

40. 1A-40
Computers in Society
•Computers in small business
–Makes businesses more profitable
–Allows owners to manage

41. 1A-41
Computers in Society
•Computers in industry
–Computers are
used to design
products
–Assembly
lines are
automated

42. 1A-42
Computers in Society
•Computers in government
–Necessary to track data for population
•Police officers
•Tax calculation and collection
–Governments were the first computer users

43. 1A-43
Computers in Society
•Computers in health care
–Revolutionized health care
–New treatments possible
–Scheduling of patients has improved
–Delivery of medicine is safer

44. 1A-44
Review Questions
1.What is a computer?
2.Explain a few of the different ways in which
computers can be categorized.
3.List six types of computers that are designed
for use by a single person.
4.Describe the two common designs for
desktop computers.
5.How much do notebook computers typically
weigh?
6.List four types of computers that are
designed for use by organizations, and are
commonly used by multiple people at the
same time.

45. 1A-45
Review Questions
7. Why are mainframe systems usually
limited in the number of tasks they
perform?
8. What is the most popular use for home
computers?
9. How are computer technologies used
by the military?
10. How are computer technologies being
used to train surgeons?

46. Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Chapter 1A
End of Chapter

47. 1A-47
THANK YOU

48. Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Chapter 1B
Looking Inside the
Computer System

49. 1B-49
Parts of the Computer System
•Computer systems have four parts
–Hardware
–Software
–Data
–User

50. 1B-50
Parts of the Computer System
•Hardware
–Mechanical devices in the computer
–Anything that can be touched
•Software
–Tell the computer what to do
–Also called a program
–Thousands of programs exist

51. 1B-51
Parts of the Computer System
•Data
–Pieces of information
–Computers organize and present data
•Users
–People operating the computer
–Most important part
–Tell the computer what to do

52. 1B-52
Information Processing Cycle
•Steps followed to process data
•Input
•Processing
•Output
•Storage

53. 1B-53
Essential Computer Hardware
•Computers use the same basic
hardware
•Hardware categorized into four types

54. 1B-54
Essential Computer Hardware
•Processing devices
–Brains of the computer
–Carries out instructions from the program
–Manipulate the data
–Most computers have several processors
–Central Processing Unit (CPU)
–Secondary processors
–Processors made of silicon and copper

55. 1B-55
Essential Computer Hardware
•Memory devices
–Stores data or programs
–Random Access Memory (RAM)
•Volatile
•Stores current data and programs
•More RAM results in a faster system
–Read Only Memory (ROM)
•Permanent storage of programs
•Holds the computer boot directions

56. 1B-56
Essential Computer Hardware
•Input and output devices
–Allows the user to interact
–Input devices accept data
•Keyboard, mouse
–Output devices deliver data
•Monitor, printer, speaker
–Some devices are input and output
•Touch screens

57. 1B-57
Essential Computer Hardware
•Storage devices
–Hold data and programs permanently
–Different from RAM
–Magnetic storage
•Floppy and hard drive
•Uses a magnet to access data
–Optical storage
•CD and DVD drives
•Uses a laser to access data

58. 1B-58
Software Runs the Machine
•Tells the computer what to do
•Reason people purchase computers
•Two types
–System software
–Application software

59. 1B-59
Software Runs the Machine
•System software
–Most important software
–Operating system
•Windows XP
–Network operating system (OS)
•Windows Server 2003
–Utility
•Symantec AntiVirus

60. 1B-60
Software Runs the Machine
•Application software
–Accomplishes a specific task
–Most common type of software
•MS Word
–Covers most common uses of computers

61. 1B-61
Computer Data
•Fact with no meaning on its own
•Stored using the binary number system
•Data can be organized into files

62. 1B-62
Computer Users
•Role depends on ability
–Setup the system
–Install software
–Manage files
–Maintain the system
•“Userless” computers
–Run with no user input
–Automated systems

63. Copyright© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education
Chapter 1B
End of Chapter

64. 1A-64
THANK YOU