LECTURE 1 GENESIS OF BHARATAn BHUMI.pptx

Bnnkkb

1. Alfred Wegener theory Plate tectonics theory Max Mueller View on India David Frawley paradox Other philosopher view on India GENESIS OF BHARATA BHUMI

2. 1. Alfred Wegener theory 2. Modern Plate tectonics theory (1962 & 1963) 3. Evidences of Bharata from Scriptures 4. Historians & Scientists’ views on Bharata GENESIS OF BHARATA BHUMI

3. Alfred Wegener theory Alfred Wegener in 1912 CE proposed hypothesis of continental drift based on horizontal movements of the earth’s crust. Later in 1915 CE, he expanded the same idea in his book ‘The Origin of Continents and Oceans’. He further suggested that all the continents were once jointed together and formed a single landmass - a supercontinent ‘Pangaea’ (All earth) that later drifted apart like icebergs. The entire water body was named as Panthalasa (all water). The hypothesis eventually led to the modern theory of ‘Plate Tectonics’.

4. ALFRED WEGENER CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY (1912) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh5yu24DeQE&ab_channel=AmitSengupta https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5q8hzF9VVE&t=88s&ab_channel=MikeSammartano https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wq9kLzm36h0&t=5s&ab_channel=NationalGeographic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_iEWvtKcuQ&ab_channel=ChristopherScotese

5. Alfred Wegener theory HE COULD NOT EXPLAIN WHY ...??? EARTH / CONTINENTS DRIFTED APART OR WAS IN MOVING CONDITION...... This was later explained by Modern Plate Tectonics Theory

6. Plate Tectonics Theory-2 An American geologist named Harry Hess (1962) published 'The History of Ocean Basins‘ to support how the continents could spread. His proposed theory later known as “S eafloor Spreading”. He stated that the mountains/ ridges on the ocean floor (height-few meters to 1.5 Km) were the result of  molten rock (Lava) rising from the  asthenosphere and rupturing the lithosphere.   Millions of years later, the crust would disappear into ocean trench at places called  ’ subduction  zones’ and cycle back into Earth.  https://youtu.be/p0dWF_3PYh4 https://youtu.be/Wt_jJUnTFhg https://youtu.be/ifke1GsjNN0

7. Plate Tectonics Theory-2 HE COULD NOT EXPLAIN WHY ...??? THERE ARE RIDGES/ MOUNTAINS UNDER OCEANS AWAY FROM OCEAN TRENCH /SUBDUCTION ZONES This was later explained by Another Plate Tectonics Theory

8. Plate Tectonics Theory-3 This question was finally answered in 1963 by a Canadian geologist, John Tuzo Wilson. He proposed that volcanic island chains , like the Hawaiian Islands, are created by fixed “hot spots” in the mantle. At those places, magma forces its way upward through the moving plate of the sea floor. As the plate moves over the hot spot, one volcanic island after another is formed . Wilson’s explanation gave further support to plate tectonics. Today, the theory is almost universally accepted. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/plate-tectonics-video

9. Evidences of Bharata Bhumi from Scriptures

10. Interestingly, similar sort of story is narrated in the Vedic scriptures – ‘ ekadwip ā pṛthvī ’ (single landmass), various Ice ages, and marine transgressions, etc… In ancient text Viṣṇu Purāṇa (2.3.1), the following śloka has described the geographical position of the Bhāratabhūmi as: Meaning: The Himālaya in the north and ocean are in the south, the motherland in between is known as Bhārata !

11. Scientists’ views on Bharata The geological phenomenon the Bhāratīya landmass is unique on earth in many ways. (It is a special gifts to Bhārata by the Mother Nature) . There are 10 bio-diversity regions (different ecosystem-flora, fauna, landmass) 07 major climate regions (from the long warm costal region to the bounded chilling cold deserts of the Himālaya ): Highest in a single country

12. Historians & Scientists’ views on Bharata Largest livestock population (Cattles and other domestic animals); Largest number of Rivers; 52% cultivated land (much higher than the world average, i.e. 11 %); Quite mineral reserves (Coal, bauxite, iron, zinc and copper, etc.). Hence Bharata was well suited for any kind of evolutions and human civilization to happen and flourish.

13. Historians views on Bharata Unity in diversity is the soul of Bharata since olden days. The historian, Vincent Arthur Smith (1848-1920 CE) beautifully put this strength of Bhārata : “India beyond all doubt possesses a deep underlying fundamental unity far more profound than that produced either by geographical isolation or by political superiority”.