Lecture 1 Introduction to Circuit Analysis.pptx

Introduction to Circuit Analysis

1. Lecture No 01 Introduction Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 1

2. Contents Circuit Charge Current Measuring the current Voltage Measuring the Voltage Problems Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 2

3. Circuit It is any closed arrangement of materials that provide a path for the flow of electrons It consists of a source of electrical energy, connecting wires and the load Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 3

4. Charge It is the physical property of a matter due to which it experiences a force of attraction or repulsion when placed in an electric field There are two types of charges i.e., positive and negative charges Protons are positively charged Electrons are negatively charged Neutrons have zero charge Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 4

5. Charge Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 5 Like charges always repel each other while unlike charges always attract each other An absence of charge is referred to as a neutral Charge is represented by Q or q

6. Charge Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 6

7. Unit of Charge Coloumb is the unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the quantity of charge transferred when one ampere of current flows for one second Mathematically, the definition of a coloumb is represented as: In the equation, Q is the electric charge, I is the electric current and t is the time   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 7

8. Quantization of charge Charge on proton is C Charge on electron is C Electric charge is quantized which means that charge cannot take any arbitrary values but only values which are integral multiples of the fundamental charge (charge on proton or electron) Where Q is the charge, n=1, 2, 3, ….. and   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 8

9. current It is the movement of charge particles in a specific direction Or The time rate of transfer of electric charge across a specified cross-sectional area Mathematically Where I is the current, Q is the amount of charge and t is the time SI unit of current is Ampere represented by “A” Current flowing through a cross-section of a conductor will be 1 A if 1 C of charge passes in 1 s   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 9

10. current Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 10

11. Direction of current Conventional Current: It is the movement of charges from the positive side of the battery to the negative side Electron current: It is the movement of charges from the negative side of the battery to the positive side Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 11

12. Direction of current Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 12

13. Measuring the current Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 13

14. problem A charge of 825 C was passed through a wire in 1 minute. What was the average electric current during the interval. Solution: Charge=Q=825 C, Time=t=1 Min=60 s, Current=I=?   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 14

15. Problem Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 15   Solution: Number of electrons=n= Charge on electron=e= Current=I=5 mA Time=t=?  

16. voltage The electric pressure that causes the current to flow through the circuit is known as voltage Or It is the difference in the electrical potential energy between two points per unit charge Or The difference in the energy level of a unit charge located at two different points Or The work done per unit charge in moving it from one point to another Mathematically Where V is the voltage, W is the difference in energy and Q is the charge   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 16

17. voltage SI unit is volt The voltage between two points will be 1 V if 1 J of energy is spent in moving 1 C of charge between two points Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 17

18. voltage Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 18

19. voltage Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 19

20. Measuring the voltage Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 20

21. problems Calculate the voltage if 300 J of work is done in moving a charge of 150 C. Solution: Voltage=V=?, Work=W=300 J, Charge=Q=150 C   Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 21

22. problems Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 22

23. references Electric Charge - Definition, Formula, Properties, Types, Unit, Charging (byjus.com) What is Voltage? - The Engineering Mindset Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 23

24. Course: Linear Circuit Analysis/Prepared by Muhammad Uzair Khan 24