Lecture-4 WBCs and their absolute count.pptx

The count of WBCs in varied stages of human life,
procedure for differential count of WBCs and acquaint symptoms due to the abnormalities in WBCs are elucidated

1. Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi Email: [email protected] Lecture-4 Immune Cells: Absolute and Differential Count 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 1

2. Objectives To Quantify WBCs. To understand the procedure for differential count of WBCs. To acquaint symptoms due to the abnormalities in WBCs. 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 2

3. Learning outcomes Total & differential count of WBCs will be known. Absolute & relative counts of WBCs will be known. Quantitative & qualitative WBC abnormalities will be evaluated. The terms like Leukocytosis and Leukopenia will be known. 29-08-2024 3 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

4. WBC Numbers Physicians look at WBC numbers to assess our health. An increase in number is some kind of infection and treatment might be needed. Clinics will count the number of WBC’s in a blood sample, this is called differential count. A decrease in the number of white blood cells is leukopenia An increase in the number of white blood cells is leukocytosis . 29-08-2024 4 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

5. White cell count (WBC) Normal Va lues: Newborn - 9.0-30.0 x 1 3 / μl 1 week - 5.0-21.0 x 1 3 / μl 1 month - 5.0-19.5 x 1 3 / μl 6-12 months - 6.0-17.5 x 1 3 / μl 2 years - 6.2-17.0 x 1 3 / μl l Child/adult - 4.8-10.8 x 1 3 / μl 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 5

6. Differential count of WBCs Luekocytes : 70% Neutrophils - 62% Eosinophils – 2-3% Basophils – 0.4% Monocytes – 5% Lymphocytes -30% NK cells - 7% T- helper cells - 46% T-cytotoxic cells - 19% B-cells – 23% 6 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

7. Leukocytosis Leukocytosis: is a condition characterized by an elevated number of white cells in the blood. This is due to: Bacterial infection such as appendicitis, tonsillitis, ulcers and urinary tract infection Leukemia. Pregnancy. Hemolytic disease of new born. Following exercise. Emotional stress. Food intake. 7 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

8. Leukopenia Leukopenia is a condition characterized by a decreased number of white cells in the blood. This is due to: Viral disease such as measles and infectious hepatitis, COVID -19. Some bacterial infections such as typhoid fever, brucellosis, and typhus fever. Rheumatoid arthritis. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus . Certain regimens such as radio therapy and chemotherapy. 8 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

9. haemocytometer chamber Thoma white pipette Rubber sucking tube 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 9

10. Hemocytometer 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 10

11. 11 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

12. Normal Total Leukocytic Count For an adult ( male or female) Normal reference range: 4,000 – 11,000 / cmm 12 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

13. Relative vs. Absolute values Total White Blood Cell Count (TWBC) Differential count : gives the relative percentage of each white blood cell. Absolute value : gives the actual number of each white blood cell/ cmm . 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 13

14. Calculation Absolute Count = TWBC x Percent eg : If TWBC = 6,000 / cmm Neutrophils = 62 % So, Absolute neutrophilic count = 6,000 x 62 / 100 = 3,720 / cmm 14 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

15. Disorders of WBC Number Leucocytosis : an increased number of leucocytes in the peripheral blood >11,000/ cmm Leucopenia : a reduced white cell count ( < 4,000 / cmm ) 15 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

16. Summary WBCs count determines the state of health. Count of total WBCs among infants, childrens and adults is known. Differnetial count of Leukocytes and Lymphocytes is known. Use of Haemocytometer is aquainted. Calculation of Absolute Neutrophil count is known as a typical example. The condition leading to Leukocytosis and Leukopenia are elucidated. 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 16

17. Study Questions What is the total count of WBCs in a healthy adult? What is the normal WBCs and differential count values? What are leucopenia and leucocytosis? How to calculate Absolute neutrophil count in the total WBCs count of 6000 ? 29-08-2024 17 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

18. Acknowledgements 29-08-2024 18 We acknowledge the online resources and public domains for the Preparation of the content to develop teaching material and for the dissemination of knowledge. Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi

19. Thank you 29-08-2024 Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi 19