lecture 8.pptx Start with the lectures of the main resource management

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1. Antinutritional factors in feed stuff for ruminants.. Forage production systems in Pakistan and their implication.. Lean period in forage production and methods to overcome shortage in lean period.. hay and silage making Feed additives and performance modifiers for ruminants

2. Feed additives and performance modifiers for ruminants

3. W hat are feed additives? Feed additives are products used in animal  nutrition  to achieve an effect on the feed itself, on the animals, on food products obtained from the animals consuming the  feed additive , or on the environment. For instance, Enhance flavour of feed, to meet the need for certain nutrients. T o increase the performance of animals in good health.

4. Feed additives include: Technological additives – e.g. preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, acidity. regulators, silage additives. Sensory additives – e.g. flavours, colourants. Nutritional additives – e.g. vitamins, amino acids, trace elements. Zootechnical additives – e.g. digestibility enhancers. Coccidiostats and histomonostats .

5. Technological additives A technological additive is  any substance added to feed for a technological purpose and which favourably affects the characteristics of feed . Improve quality, improve the animals’ performance and health. I mprove pellet quality and enhance shelf-life by preventing microbial spoilage and autoxidation of feeds.  I mproving feed digestion and feed conversion, yielding cost-effective food production.

6. SENSORY ADDITIVES SENSORY ADDITIVES are  substances that improve or change the organoleptic properties of feed, or the visual characteristics of food derived from animals .

7. Nutritional Additives . Nutritional Additives. These additives supply nutrients that are missing in the natural diet of livestock. vitamins, amino acids, trace elements. Improve normal physiological functions including growth, body development and reproduction, as well as animal well-being and general health status.

8. Zootechnical additives A zootechnical additive is any additive used to affect favourably the performance of animals in good health or used to affect favourably the environment. (a) digestibility enhancers: substances which, when fed to animals, increase the digestibility of the diet, through action on target feed materials.(enzymes, phytase phosphorous) (b) gut flora stabilisers: microorganisms or other chemically defined substances, which, when fed to animals, have a positive effect on the gut flora; (c) substances which favourably affect the environment; omonostats (to control gut parasites)