LECTURE ON INTERNET.pptxjcgdtuk6ygu66ycjuuyf

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1. LECTURE ON INTERNET BY S.PHIRI (STATISTICIAN)

2. What is Internet The Internet is a network of computers which links many different types of computers all over the world. It is a world wide publicly accessible network. It allows people to send and receive data whenever they need.

3. Brief history of Internet The Internet first came about in February 1958 in America. ARPANET system is the root of todays Internet. ARPANET was the first WAN and had only four sites in 1969.

4. Evolution of Internet The Internet began to grow rapidly in the 1970’s. It expanded further in the 1980’s as the general public were becoming more aware of it. The general public gained access to the Internet in 1986. Between 1987 and 1988 the number of hosts increased from 10,000 to 60,000.

5. Evolution of Internet World Wide Web (WWW) developed in 1991 and Internet was growing fast. In 1993 the most important development was released, it was the first graphical web browser software. In 1994 first shopping mall, Internet radio station and the first cyber bank appeared on Internet. In 1998 the Internet continued to grow and here in 2017 we are using the most advanced and developed Internet services.

6. Audience According to a report of 2016 99% of young people who are 18 to 29 years old are using the Internet most. 96% of middle aged who are 30 to 49 in the second position. People who are aged between 50 to 64, 87% of them are using the Internet. 64% of senior citizens using the Internet who are 65+ .

7. Uses of Internet Online Communication. Data Sharing. Software Sharing. Online Shopping. Online Business. Online Advertising. Financial Transaction Job Search

8. Uses of Internet Online News, Journals, Magazines. Online Research. Online Book service. Entertainment. Live Service/Video Conferencing. Educational Purposes. Medical Purposes. Real Time Updates.

9. Internet Search Engines Search engines are the important part of Internet, whatever we want to search or find our needs we have to search through this engines. Popular Search Engines : google.com yahoo.com bing.com hotbot.com myspace.com

10. How the Internet works? Networks of different private companies, universities, research organizations, and government agencies collectively control the internet. Internet connects million of computers together and allows them to communicate with each other. A DSL, phone-line modem or cable modem can link a personal computer to the internet. Our devices connect to ISP, ISP makes its connection to larger ISP and then the largest ISPs. The largest ISPs are “backbone” for an entire region and they are connected through fiber optics.

11. The Intranet An internal private network of an organization that can be accessed only by the users of the organization is called Intranet . It is a private version of internet. It uses web technologies for sharing information and data between the users of same company.

12. The Extranet A network of an organization that can be accessed by authorized outside users is called Extranet . It is used for business and educational purpose. These users may be customers, suppliers, business partners etc. An outside user accesses the username and password.

13. Terminologies & Tool used for Internet

14. 1. Web Server A web server stores web pages or files and sends information. You can also set up your own web server. The web server software is available to set up a computer as web server.

15. 2. Client The program through which the user gets information from server as well as sends information to other user through server is called Client . The personal computer and browser programs are used to get information from the server.

16. 3. Hosts The computers that are connected to the internet and exchange information between users on the internet are called Hosts . Host on the internet behaves both as a server and as a client. There is no central computer on the internet but there are millions of hosts computers that can both send and receive.

17. 4. Web Browser A program that allows the users to access and view web pages on the internet is known as Web browser or Internet browser . Browsers include the features for sending and receiving data and files. The mobile devices, PDAs use a special type of browser called micro browser , designed for small screens.

18. 5. Internet Protocols The internet protocols are set of defined rules and procedure used for communication. The first protocol was designed in early 1970s for data communication on network and was named as Network Control Protocol (NCP). Some common protocols are: TCP/IP - stands for Transmission Control Protocol or Internet Protocol. This protocol enables users for data communication on the internet.

19. FTP - stands for File Transfer Protocol. This protocol exchanges files between users. HTTP - stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. This protocol is used for communication between browsers and web servers. SMTP - stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This protocol is used to send and receive e-mails on the internet. NNTP - stands for Network News Transfer Protocol. This protocol is used to exchange messages on the worldwide news bulletin board.

20. 6. Web Page The documents on the web are called Web Pages . These are electronic documents stored on the special servers known as web servers . A web page may contain simple text, images and hyperlinks.

21. 7. Web Site A collection of related web pages stored on a web server is called Website . The web browser is used to access website. A website may contain many web pages .

22. 8. Home Page The main page or title page of a website that contains the links of other web pages is referred to as Home page . A home page is similar to the table of contents for the websites.

23. 9. HTML HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language . It is a fundamental language, which is used to design web pages. It is easy to write and understand.

24. 10. Frame Frames are used in a web document to divide the browser window into different sections. In each section, a web page can be displayed.

25. 11. Web Master A person who develops and maintains websites is known as Web master . Web master and other web developers design web pages/ website.

26. 12. URL Address URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator . It is used by the browser of client computer to access the documents stored on the host or server. Some important URL addresses http://www.google.com http://www.facebook.com

27. 13. Addressing Schemes On the internet, every computer has a unique address and computers communicate with each other with references to their addresses. The addresses are assigned to the computers on the internet according to some set of rules. These rules are called Addressing schemes . There are two types of addressing scheme: IP Addressing DNS Addressing

28. IP Addressing - stands for Internet protocol. It is a unique identifier for a host or node on the internet. A typical IP address looks like this: 216. 27. 61. 137. Every machine on the internet has a unique IP address. A server has static IP address that does not change. DNS Addressing - stands for Domain Name System. The human-readable name assigned to the computer on the internet is called the domain name. The domain name has two parts, a host name and domain.

29. 14. Hyperlinks The method that allows for creating link of one section of document to another section or to another document is called the Hyperlink. The hyperlink may be created on any text or picture.

30. 15. ISP ISP stands for Internet Service Provider . It is a company that provides the internet connections to the users. The ISP company provides you, a username for your identification, a password and a telephone number to connects its server computer. The popular ISPs in Pakistan are Comsats, PTCL and WOL etc.

31. How to connect to Internet? You must have Internet account of any ISP company to connect to Internet. In Pakistan there are many ISP companies like, PTCL, WOL etc. Most ISPs have their internet cards available in local market. It is very easy and fast way to get internet account for internet connection.

32. The following hardware and software are required to connect to the internet. Hardware: A computer running under Windows operating system like Windows 2000 and Windows XP. A telephone line to connect to the ISP server. A modem to exchange information between user’s computer and server of ISP. Software: Web browser for browsing the internet like Internet Explorer. TCP/IP Protocol. The Windows operating system already includes the TCP/IP. Dial up software to establish connection between your personal computer and server of ISP.

33. Accessing the Internet The internet can be accessed through different ways: Connecting through Modem. Connecting through LAN. Connecting through High-speed line.

34. 1. Connecting through a Modem We can connect to the internet through modem. Most of the individual users connect to the internet by using a telephone line, a modem of 56 Kbps and a SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol). When we connect to the ISP’s server computer by dialing through a telephone number, we have to give our username, password provided by that ISP company.

35. 2. Connecting through a LAN We can connect to the Internet through a LAN, if LAN uses TCP/IP protocols has an internet connection. This type of connection is commonly used by business. The computer on the LAN connects to the internet through a router or modem.

36. 3. Connection through High Speed Lines The data accessing speed of modem connection is very slow. High Speed Lines are available from different telephone companies, cable TV services etc. We can access data with very high speed i.e. 20 or more times faster by using fiber optics, microwaves, satellites etc.

37. Internet Advantages We can share information with other people around the world. Sharing information through internet is very easy, cheap and a fast method. A lot of information of different types is stored on the web servers on the internet. Disadvantages Internet is the most common source of spreading viruses. The valuable websites can be damages by hackers and your valuable data might be deleted. There are many security problems on internet.

38. We can get latest news of the world on the internet. Most of the newspapers of the world are available on the internet. We can search different types of jobs all over the world. Most of the commercial organizations advertise their products through internet. We can communicate with other people through internet. Internet also provides different types of entertainment to the people. Internet provides the facility to get online education. Our data on internet can easily accessed by unauthorized person. Some websites contain immoral materials in the form of text, pictures or movies etc. These websites damage the character of new generation. When a keyword is given to a search engine to search information, a large number of related links are displayed. It is difficult to filter out the required information.

39. Most of the universities and education boards display result on internet, the students can check their result in any part of country. Many Airline companies and Pakistan Railway provide their schedules of flights and trains, on the internet. Many websites are also available on the internet to get information about different diseases. We can consult a panel of online doctors. A lot of information about particular topic is stored on the websites. Some information may be incorrect or not authentic. A lot of time is wasted in collecting the information on the internet.

40. Services Provided by Internet Internet plays very important role in our society. It provides a lot of informative information about business, education etc. The main services provided by the internet are; World Wide Web (WWW) Newsgroups Chatting FTP E-commerce Telnet Gopher E-mail (Electronic Mail)

41. 1. World Wide Web The world wide web is simply referred to as web. It is the latest addition to the internet to exchange information. It is abbreviated as www or 3w. It is easiest way to search and to get information on the internet.

42. 2. Newsgroups News Groups are discussion groups or forums. They provide the services to exchange messages on the internet about a particular subject. Different newsgroups are available for different purposes. Usually the news client program “Microsoft Internet News” is used to read and write articles in the newsgroup.

43. 3. FTP FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol . It is a way of transferring files to others through internet. The files are stored on a special type of server called the FTP server. The files from your computer can be uploaded to the FTP server. Example of these programs are WS_FTP and Cute FTP.

44. 4. Chatting Internet also provide the facility to internet user to chat with people online all over the world. Different programs like MSN Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, ICQ, AOL online etc. are available for chatting on internet. Some chat rooms support voice chats and video chats.

45. 5. E-Commerce E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce . It is the modern way to run business on international basis. The examples of E-Commerce are; online shopping, online advertising, online banking etc.

46. 6. Telnet Telnet is an Internet service (or tool) that is used to login and run commands on a remote server on the internet. Through this service, we can also access information on the internet. When telnet client program is run on local computer, we have to give our account name and password to start the operating session.

47. 7. Gopher Gopher is an internet service. It organizes resources into multilevel menus to make finding information easier on the internet. Before gopher it was difficult to find information on the internet.

48. 8. E-mail E-mail stands for Electronic mail . We can send and receive messages anywhere in the world. We can also send documents, pictures, audio and video files via e-mail. It is also possible to send or receive e-mail messages through a mobile phone.