Lesson 01-Introduction to Bioprocessing.pptx

This comprehensive slide deck offers an introduction to the fundamentals of bioprocessing, which involves the use of biological systems or living organisms to produce valuable products.

1. Introduction to Bioprocessing

2. What is bioprocessing? Bioprocessing is the creation of useful products through the use of a living thing — End products can be anything from biofuels produced from algae, or antibiotics created from mold, such as penicillin. usually cells or cell components, viruses, or an entire organism

3. Bioprocessing is loosely defined as the production of a value-added material from a living source . The key component in the system is that the source organism is alive and responsive to its environment .

4. Given the diversity of applications for bioprocessing and the complexity of the steps involved, this field requires proficiency in many areas of science including, chemistry, biochemistry, biology, microbiology, and chemical engineering.

5. Bioprocessing or biotechnology is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, foods, flavours , fuels and chemicals with the aid of a biocatalyst such as an enzyme, microorganisms, plant cell, or animal cell in a  bioreactor .  It also involves genetic engineering for the manipulation of plants, animals, and microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria and fungi.

6. To create products through bioprocessing, scientists create conditions for biological processes to take place on a large scale. For example, useful chemicals created in the human body on a small scale, like antibodies, can be produced on a mass scale and used to treat poorly patients. Beer produced from yeast is another example of bioprocessing.

7. Bioprocessing plays a key role in the development of stem cell therapies, vaccine production and much more, but doesn't only have medicinal benefits. Scientists can harness biological processes to help develop renewable energy sources and much more. Bioprocessing and bioproducts have gained commercial interest because of the perceived “ green ” advantages of using biomass rather than fossil energy for the production of chemicals and industrial products 

8. B enefits S ustainability of renewable biomass R eplacing depleted fossil energy R educing greenhouse gas emissions from the present petroleum-based chemical and energy industries.  W ith rising oil prices and advances in industrial biotechnology, the potential of biomass to replace petroleum-based chemicals and fuels is huge. The potential for new bioproducts with improved performance to move into new and non-conventional markets is also substantial.

9. C hallenges Increasing cost of agricultural raw materials Low-cost materials like cellulose cannot be readily used for microbial process Bioprocess is still not effective as chemical processing Chemical industry is also emerging competitive Large amount of funding is needed for Bioprocess

10. How does bioprocessing work? To create any kind of product using bioprocessing, scientists have to follow a particular workflow. Of course, there is some variation to the workflow depending on the desired product, but generally, bioprocessing follows these steps: Sample collection -  Before bioprocessing can begin, scientists need to gather the living organisms that produce the desired product, whether that's living cells, enzymes, bacteria or something else. The sample is then stored in a 'seed bank ', where it will be kept alive until it's required for stage 2.

11. 2. Cultivation of the sample  - It's unlikely that scientists will have a large enough sample of the living organism to create the volume of desired product that they need. In order to scale up the initial sample, the living organisms are cultivated . 3. Culturing the cells -  This is where things get interesting. The sample organisms are put into ideal conditions for them to start producing the desired molecules or products. It's vital that bioprocessing scientists monitor the cells carefully and do whatever they can to maximize the yield. After all, bioprocessing can be an expensive and lengthy process.

12. 4 . Harvesting  - Once the biological process has taken place, scientists need to carefully separate the original sample cells from the desired product. This process is called 'harvesting'. Occasionally, the desired product will be produced  inside  the sample cells, at which point scientists refer to the separation process as 'recovery’.  5. Purification -  To make sure that the product is clean and safe for use, scientists will take time to remove impurities, salts, and solvents and will even check for viruses. This is vital, especially if the final product will be used to treat sick patients. There's always a chance of contamination when you're working with living cells, so this is a vital step!

13. 6. Testing -  Before being packaged and sent to the general public, scientists need to check that the harvested product does what it's supposed to do. Bioprocessing specialists will test the molecules and decide what the safest and most effective way to administer them is. This could include suspending the desired product in an aerosol, powder or liquid suspension.  7. Packaging -  Once the scientists are happy with the final product, it's packaged and labelled up ready to be transported to its final destination, whether that be a hospital, 

14. This way of cultivating cells or organisms enables you to keep the production consistent (in theory, at least) which gives us the opportunity to produce a bigger amount of desired substances. Below you can find some industries, which use the bioprocessing to make products: cosmetics  fuel pharmaceuticals chemicals nutraceuticals polymers paper food animal feed

15. Cultivation is the process of propagating organisms by providing the proper environmental conditions. Parasites, bacteria, and viruses all generally require cultivation for detailed study. 

16. References https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/bioprocessing https://pharsol.com/knowledge-hub/blog/what-is-bioprocessing