lesson-1-Cosmology, beginning of the universe.pptx

This is a lesson about the beginning of the universe.

1. The Origin and Systems of Earth

2. The Origin and Systems of Earth

3. Formation of the Universe The Big Bang Theory Steady State Theory Cosmic Inflation Theory

4. Formation of Star Systems Nebular Hypothesis The Planetesimal and Tidal Theories

5. The Origin and Systems of Earth

6. The Big Bang Theory

7. The Big Bang Theory The Universe was once very small and very hot, and then expanded over time until it reached its peak.

8. The Big Bang Theory The surroundings were at a high temperature of about 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion Celsius) with aggregates of fundamental particles such as neutrons, electrons and protons.

9. The Big Bang Theory As the universe cooled in later phases, these particles either combined with each other or decayed.

10. The Big Bang Theory The universe was said to continue to expand over the next 13 billion years until the present.

11. Steady State Theory

12. Steady State Theory

13. Steady State Theory The universe is always expanding in a constant average density

14. Steady State Theory Because of This, matter is continuously created to form cosmic or celestial bodies such stars and galaxies.

15. Steady State Theory This theory further claims that the universe has no beginning or end in time, and even though it is expanding, its appearance remains the same over time.

16. Steady State Theory However, toward the 1960s, much evidence was produced that would contradict the steadiness of the universe.

17. Steady State Theory When certain galactic bodies such as quasars and radio galaxies were found only at far distances in space, it disproved the idea that similar bodies are created and found everywhere.

18. Steady State Theory Because of this, matter is continuously created to form cosmic or celestial bodies such stars and galaxies.

19. Cosmic Inflation Theory .

20. Cosmic Inflation Theory The term inflation refers to the rapid expansion of space-time.

21. Cosmic Inflation Theory The universe was a rapidly expanding bubble of pure vacuum energy.

22. Cosmic Inflation Theory After the expansion and cooling arising from this inflation, the potential energy converted into kinetic energy of matter and radiation.

23. The Big Bang Theory The Universe was once very small and very hot, and then expanded over time until it reached its peak.

24. Formation of Star Systems

25. Formation of Star Systems Nebular Hypothesis The Planetesimal and Tidal Theories

26. Nebular Hypothesis

27. Nebular Hypothesis It presupposes that around 4.6 billion years ago, a star system was formed from a rotating gas cloud or nebula or extremely hot gas.

28. Nebular Hypothesis When gas cooled, the nebula began to shrink, and as it become smaller, it rotated faster, forming a disk-like shape.

29. Nebular Hypothesis The angular momentum from nebula’s rotation and the gravitational force from the mass of the nebula formed the rings of gas outside.

30. Nebular Hypothesis The remaining part of the nebula, which had the most mass formed the sun.

31. The Planetesimal and Tidal theories. In both theories, a star supposedly passed closed to the sun.

32. The Planetesimal and Tidal theories. Some of this erupted matter was detached and plunged into elliptical orbits around the sun.

33. The Planetesimal and Tidal theories. Some of the smaller masses quickly cooled to become solid bodies called Planetesimals.

34. Advancements and Discoveries on the Solar System 1. Pluto was once considered the outermost planet in the solar system.

35. Advancements and Discoveries on the Solar System 2. Mars may have had prehistoric living forms

36. Advancements and Discoveries on the Solar System 3. The expansion of the universe is accelerating.

37. Advancements and Discoveries on the Solar System 4. The farthest interstellar travel is outside of the solar system.

38. What we’ve covered so far: 1. Formation of the Universe - The Big Bang Theory - Steady State Theory - Cosmic Inflation Theory 2. Formation of Star System - Nebular Hypothesis - The Planetesimal and Tidal Theories 3. Advancements and Discoveries on the Solar System - Pluto, Mars, Expansion, Farthest Travel.

39. The Origin and Systems of Earth

40. Question from Mr. Sun Which hypothesis presupposes that around 4.6 billion years ago, a star system was formed from a rotating gas cloud or nebula or extremely hot gas? ANSWER

41. Question from Mercury Which theory says that the universe is always expanding in a constant average density? ANSWER

42. Question from Venus This theory says that the Universe was once very small and very hot, and then expanded over time until it reached its peak. ANSWER

43. Question from Earth The term ________ refers to the rapid expansion of space-time. ANSWER

44. Question from Mars True or False: The expansion of the universe is decelerating. ANSWER

45. Question from Jupiter Which theory does this image describe: ANSWER

46. Question from Saturn This theory states that the universe was a rapidly expanding bubble of pure vacuum energy. ANSWER

47. Question from Uranus True or False: According to inflation theory, after the expansion and cooling arising from this inflation, the potential energy converted into kinetic energy of matter and radiation. ANSWER

48. Question from Neptune True or False: The Cosmic Inflation Theory and Steady State Theory describes the same thing. ANSWER

49. Question from Pluto True or False: Mars may have had prehistoric living forms. ANSWER

50. Nebular Hypothesis

51. Steady State Theory

52. Big Bang Theory

53. Inflation

54. False

55. Planetesimal and Tidal Theories

56. Cosmic Inflation Theory

57. True

58. False

59. True