LESSON 2- CHEMICAL CHANGES IN MATERIALS.pptx

In this lesson you will able to learn what is chemical and physical change

1. CHEMICAL CHANGES IN MATERIALS Credited to: Ms. Miame W. Mahayag GRADE FOUR SCIENCE Edited by: Jayson B. Ramos

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. I can describe whether a material can be burned, reacts with other materials, and is degradable or biodegradable. 2. I can describe changes in the properties of materials when exposed to specific changes in temperature, such as when wood or coal is burned. 3. I can explain how wood or coal can be burned and what changes occur in their properties.

3. WHAT IS IT?

4. PHYSICAL CHANGE & CHEMICAL CHANGE

5. Physical Changes WHAT ARE THE CHANGES? Chemical Changes

6. Physical Changes THE DEFINITION Chemical Changes It can be a change in the shape or appearance of an object, like crumpling a piece of paper, or cutting, bending, or dissolving something. It is a change of materials into another, new materials with different properties and one or more than one new substances are formed.

7. Crumpling a sheet of aluminum foil. Melting an ice cube. Casting silver in a mold. Breaking a bottle. Boiling water. Evaporating alcohol. Shredding paper. Sublimation of dry ice into carbon dioxide vapor. Physical Changes EXAMPLES OF

8. Burning wood. Souring milk. Mixing acid and a base. Digesting food. Cooking an egg. Heating sugar to form caramel. Baking a cake. Rusting of iron. Chemical Changes EXAMPLES OF

9. Chemical change happens when a material undergoes a chemical reaction , which results in the formation of a new material. This kind of change is seen when a material reacts with air , heat , or water and is usually accompanied by a change in color and temperature. page 30 Chemical Changes WHAT’S IN

10. It may also produce sound , odor , gas bubbles , and precipitate . When a chemical reaction occurs, the original materials are no longer present and may not be recovered physically. Rusting, Tarnishing, Spoiled milk, egg, pancake, burning Chemical Changes WHAT’S IN

11. Reactivity refers to the ability of a material to react with another material. Substances or materials that makeup things that undergo chemical change are called reactants. The new substances of materials produced at the end of the reaction are called products. Chemical Changes WHAT’S IN

12. MATERIAL UNDERGO CHEMICAL CHANGE

13. For instance, when a padlock reacts with oxygen in water or air , rust is formed. Rust is a product of the chemical reaction between iron and oxygen. The chemical name of rust is iron oxide. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

14. Flammability refers the ability of a substance to be set on fire. Oxygen is needed to start a fire; without it there came no fire. Wood is flammable and can quickly burn. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

15. Coal is highly combustible and used as a fuel source. When wood, coal, and materials are burned, ashes and smoke may released. Fumes is a toxic smoke with a very unpleasant smell. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

16. Burning fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemical also release fumes that are harmful to people’s health and the environment. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

17. Deterioration is the tendency of a material to lose its quality due to physical changes, such as wear and tear, and chemical changes, such as corrosion. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

18. Degradable material can break down biologically or chemically such as some plastic utensil and wrappers. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

19. Bags labeled “oxo-degradable” means they contain materials than can safely beak down and decompose, similar to paper and wood. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

20. Biodegradable material are those that rot or decay quickly with help of microorganisms Examples are fresh farm products such as vegetables, fruits and other natural products. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

21. Nonbiodegradable materials are plastics, metals, aluminum, glass, and other metals, do not decay quickly or take hundreds of years to decompose. Chemical Changes MATERIALS UNDERGO

22. EVIDENCE OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

23. Foaming/fizzing, or release of gas bubbles Gas bubbles form when mossy zinc is dropped in hydrochloric acid. Example: An antacid tablet reacts with water gas bubbles form. Chemical Changes EVIDENCE OF

24. Formation of precipitate It is a solid substance that is produced when two liquids are combined chemically. Example: milk and vinegar combined, Chemical Changes EVIDENCE OF

25. Change in smell Bacterial action changes the composition of food. This action creates the foul smell that comes from spoiled food. Example: a rotten egg Chemical Changes EVIDENCE OF

26. Production of heat and light Heat and light are given off when a matchstick strikes its pad. Example: matchstick strikes its pad Chemical Changes EVIDENCE OF

27. CHANGES THAT ARE USEFUL & HARMFUL

28. Cooking, Baking, or Burning of Natural Gas Photosynthesis and Ripening of Fruits Production of Food Products an Other Household Materials Formation of Yogurt and Wine Burning of Fuels CHANGES THAT ARE USEFUL AND HARMFUL Rusting Decay Tarnishing

29. Cooking, Baking, or Burning of Natural Gas Heat causes a chemical reaction in raw ingredients. Heat gets protein, carbohydrates, fats, and other nutrients found in food cooked or baked. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

30. Photosynthesis and Ripening of Fruits Plants perform photosynthesis to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar. Sugar is stored in plants. During this process, plants give off oxygen as a by-product, which humans and animals breathe in. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

31. Photosynthesis and Ripening of Fruits The production of the chemical ethylene by fruits causes it to ripen. Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that plays an important role in inducing the ripening process for many fruits, together with other hormones and signals. An unripe fruit generally has low levels of ethylene. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

32. Production of Products with Long Shelf Life Food and household materials in supermarket are mostly products of chemical change. Food contain preservatives that delay the growth of bacteria and spoilage. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

33. Production of Products with Long Shelf Life Preservatives also avoid oxidation that leads to discoloration, thus promoting extended shelf life. Oxidation,  a chemical process that produces undesirable changes in color, flavor and nutrient content, results when air reacts with food components. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

34. Formation of Yogurt and Wine The yogurt you enjoy for snacks is a result of bacterial action on milk. The fermentation of sugar found in grape juice creates wine, which is a staple drink in many countries. CHANGES THAT IS USEFUL

35. Rusting and Tarnishing Metal are mainly used in building equipment and tools because metals are strong. However, rust and tarnish can weaken the strength of metals. CHANGES THAT IS HARMFUL

36. Rusting and Tarnishing Rust can cause holes in the roof of a house. This will weaken your roof and put you and your family in danger in case of heavy rains. Silverware that tarnish can no longer be used. CHANGES THAT IS HARMFUL

37. Decay Is a natural process that causes fruits and vegetables rot. They produce foul smell, which means that there are already disease-causing bacteria in the fruit or vegetable. CHANGES THAT IS HARMFUL

38. PROTECTION FROM HARMFUL CHANGES

39. Various materials found on Earth are utilized for creating the products and materials that we use in our daily lives. These materials undergo changes that can either be beneficial or harmful to us and the environment. Many of the materials and products we use eventually end up in the trash bins . When waste accumulate and are not appropriately segregated, they can threaten the health of people, animals, and the environment.

40. Pollution The environment can be negatively affected by plastic waste, chemicals like fertilizer and pesticides, heavy metals, greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles and factories, and improper disposal of electronic, reactive and radioactive waste.

41. Pollution Is the result of harmful chemical reactions that occur in landfills, bodies of water, and air.

42. Water Pollution When you can no longer use it for any purpose. Ex: disposing of cooking oil in the sewer could result in blockage of oxygen in bodies of water. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

43. Water Pollution Similarly, the disposing of detergents, soap and fertilizers in bodies of water causes eutrophication. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

44. Eutrophication is the enrichment of the water with chemical nutrients disposed into it. It results to the rapid increase of algae in water, which causes shortage in oxygen. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

45. Land Pollution When the soil becomes less productive. Agricultural chemicals that are used to improve harvest and crop yield contain nonbiodegradable substances. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

46. Land Pollution While the wastes dumped in landfills also produce toxic chemicals. These chemicals sip through the soil, causing it to become infertile and acidic. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

47. Air Pollution When we can no longer breathe clean air. It is because of presence of air pollutants such as solid particulates such as dust, fly ash, soot and poisonous gases. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

48. Air Pollution These air pollutants leave harmful particles in the air you breathe and damage the atmosphere. THAT CAN AFFECT YOU AND THE ENVIRONMENT TYPES OF POLLUTION

49. Minimizing the waste we produce and the hazardous effects of chemical changes in materials we use and consume is crucial in protecting the environment and conserving its resources to ensure a sustainable future for Earth. CHANGES IN MATERIALS MINIMIZING HARMFUL

50. The Republic Act 9003 , also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act , makes provisions for the 5Rs of waste management. CHANGES IN MATERIALS MINIMIZING HARMFUL

51. The 5Rs of waste management serves as a simple guide in helping people minimize the harmful environmental impacts of waste. Ultimately, this promotes long term sustainability. CHANGES IN MATERIALS MINIMIZING HARMFUL

52. Refuse waste by making a conscious choice of not accepting unnecessary items or products that generate waste, like plastic bottle and bags, straws or extra container. 5RS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

53. Reduce waste by using less harmful, wasteful, and nonrecyclable products such as single-use plastics, paper plates, cups and utensils. 5RS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

54. Reuse items that can be used more than once instead of throwing them away. These can extend the lifespan of materials such as glass bottles, plastic containers, and paper bags. 5RS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

55. Recycle altering or adapting a product for new use without changing its original or basic from. Ex: You can clean old tin cans to be used as a pen container 5RS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

56. Recover refers to the use of discarded items for other purposes in order to maximize the benefits of these materials. Some ways to recover waste materials are through recycling, composting, and generating energy from waste. 5RS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

57. Reactive materials such as acids, bases and oxidizers can be hazardous if not handled properly. WAYS TO HANDLE AND DISPOSE REACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

58. It is essential to keep the container labels for future reference and follow the instructions mentioned on the labels for appropriate storage and disposal of chemicals. WAYS TO HANDLE AND DISPOSE REACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

59. Materials such as batteries, electronics, chemicals, and medical waste should disposed properly. They can be flammable and hazardous. It can be toxic to people and animal. They should be disposed in a separate bi. WAYS TO HANDLE AND DISPOSE REACTIVE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

60. Batteries, Chemicals and Medical Waste

61. Brainy Challenge Answer this simple Question: HOW CAN YOU IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN YOUR COMMUNITY? IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Share Mo Lang

62. “THANK YOU” Memory Verse: 1 Peter 5:7 “Casting all your care upon Him, for He careth for you”