Lesson 5_Respirartory System and its parts

About respiratory system and its parts

1. Respiratory System

2. respiration Respiration: process of gas exchange between atmosphere and body cells Consists of Ventilation Gas exchange between blood and lungs Gas transport in the bloodstream Gas exchange between the blood and body cells Cellular respiration

3. organs Upper Respiratory Tract (nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx) Lower Respiratory Tract (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs)

4. nose Supported by bone and cartilage Provides an entrance for air Nostril hair filters air It forms a hollow passage that connects the nostrils and the top of the throat.

5. Nasal cavity Cavity has passageways Lined with mucous membranes and help increase the surface area available to warm and filter incoming air Particles in air can get trapped in mucus…

6. pharynx Food and air pass through Helps produce speech sounds

7. larynx Between pharynx and trachea In men and women, it can be seen as a hard bulge at the front of the neck called the Adam’s apple. Functions: Prevents particles from entering trachea Holds vocal cords

8. trachea Separates into right and left bronchi Inner wall lined with cilia and mucus……why? 20 cartilaginous rings

9. Bronchial tree Branched tubes leading from trachea to alveoli Starts with two main bronchi (right and left….each leads to a lung) Bronchi lead to bronchioles

10. alveoli Bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, which lead to alveolar sacs, then end in alveoli Gas exchange between blood and air

11. Larynx Trachea Left superior (upper) lobe Left inferior (lower) lobe Right superior (upper) lobe Right inferior (lower) lobe Alveolar duct Alveolus Respiratory bronchiole Right middle lobe

12. lungs Right and left Right has 3 lobes, left has 2 lobes Separated by mediastinum Enclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cage (ribs) Bronchus and blood vessels enter each lung

13. Breathing mechanism Ventilation Composed of two parts: inspiration and exhalation

14. Inspiration Flow of air into lungs Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract Increase in volume of cavity = decrease in pressure so air flows from high to low pressure

15. exhalation Air leaving lungs Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity As muscles relax, air is pushed out of lungs