Lesson 6 Software Operating System and Different Programming Languages.pptx

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1. Lesson 6 Software, Operating System, and Different Programming Languages

2. COMPUTER SYSTEM

3. What is the importance of Operating System? QUESTION No. 1

4. Software A program or a set of instructions and applications used to manage and control various functions of a device such as a computer.

5. Two Main Categories of Computer Software System Software – is a basic requirement for any computer, as it controls all main functions and integrates all parts into a unitary system. An example of a system software is an operating system. 2. Application Software – serves more specific purposes, such as creating databases and spreadsheets or processing images. Application software is available as single programs, software packages or software suites.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

7. Multi-user Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time/simultaneously. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.

8. Multiprocessing Supports running a program on more than one CPU. RAM CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3

9. Two Types of Multiprocessing Symmetric Multiprocessing – SMP systems consist of two or more relatively independent processors or core sharing a common bus and memory, each executing their own program or work together on same task. Asymmetric Multiprocessing – Individual processors are dedicated to particular tasks. It has one MASTER processor and SLAVE processors

10. CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 P1 P2 P3 SHARED MEMORY Slave Master Slave P1 P2 P3 NO SHARED MEMORY SYMMETRIC ASSYMMETRIC

11. Benefits of using a Multiprocessor Enhanced performance. Multiple applications. Multi-tasking inside an application. High throughput and responsiveness. Hardware sharing among CPUs.

12. Real time Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.

13. Advantages of Real-Time Operating Systems Priority Based Scheduling Abstracting Timing Information Maintainability/Extensibility Modularity Promotes Team Development Easier Testing Code Reuse Improved Efficiency Idle Processing

14. Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating Systems Limited Tasks Use Heavy System resources Complex Algorithms Device driver and interrupt signals Thread Priority

15. Real-Time OS

16. Multithreading A thread is a path which is followed during a program’s execution. Majority of programs written now a days run as a single thread. Multithreading is a process of multiple threads executes at same time..

17. Multithreading a multithreaded operating system may run several background tasks, such as logging file changes, indexing data, and managing windows at the same time.

18. Multithreading

19. Benefits of Multithreading Improved throughput Simultaneous and fully symmetric use of multiple processors for computation and I/O Superior application responsiveness Improved server responsiveness Minimized system resource usage Program structure simplification Better communication

20. GUI (Graphical User Interface) a GUI operating system contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

21. Benefits of GUI OS User Friendly Comprehension Attractiveness Shortcut Keys Multitasking

22. Disadvantages of GUI OS Implementation Cost Speed Time Consumption Memory Usage

23. OPERATING SYSTEM

24. MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) a non-graphical command line operating system derived from 86-DOS that was created for IBM compatible computers. MS-DOS originally written by  Tim Paterson  and introduced by Microsoft  in August  1981  and was last updated in  1994  when MS-DOS 6.22 was released.

25. Linux is a free and open-source  operating system  developed by  Linus Torvalds  and friends that was first announced August 25,  1991 . The Linux  kernel  runs on numerous different platforms including the  Intel and  Alpha  platform and is available under the  GNU General Public License.

26. Linux sample CLI

27. UNIX Coined by  Brian Kernighan ,  Unix  or  UNIX  (not an acronym) is an  operating system developed by members of the (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) MULTICS  team at the Bell Laboratories starting in the late  1960 's, many who also help create  C .

28. UNIX sample CLI

29. Microsoft Windows is an operating environment created by  Microsoft  that provides an interface, known as a Graphical User Interface ( GUI ), for computers. Windows eliminates the need to memorize commands for the  command line  ( MS-DOS ) by using a  mouse  to navigate through  menus , dialog boxes, buttons ,  tabs , and  icons .

30. WINDOWS OS TIMELINE

31. Windows 10 – which version is right for you? Windows 10 Home Windows 10 S Windows 10 Pro Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 10 Education Windows IoT

32. Mac Os MacOS was introduced in 1984 to run  Macintosh  personal computers (PCs). The OS helped make graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) popular, even inspiring Microsoft to move away from its user input method in favor of using GUIs for Windows OSes.

33. MAC OS LOGO EVOLUTION

34. APPLE LOGO EVOLUTION

35. Mac OS sample CLI

36. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

37. Top 10 Programming Languages to Learn in 2022

38. Python Python can be regarded as the future of programming languages.   As per the latest statistics,  Python is the main coding language for around 80% of developers.  The presence of extensive libraries in Python facilitates artificial intelligence, data science, and machine learning processes.

39. Java Java is one of the most powerful programming languages that is currently used in more than 3 billion devices . Java is currently one of the most trending technology. It is used in desktop applications, mobile applications, web development, Artificial intelligence, cloud applications, and many more.

40. Javascript JavaScript is one of the world’s most popular programming languages on the web.  As per the survey, more than 97 percent of the websites use JavaScript on the client-side of the webpage .

41. Kotlin Kotlin is a cross-platform programming language designed to develop apps.  It is being used by more than 60% of android developers . 

42. R R is a programming language for statistical and graphical programming. It is widely used among statisticians and data miners for data analysis. It holds profound importance in data analysis, financial domains, and telecom sectors.

43. PHP PHP is one of the general-purpose scripting languages that will continue to hold its importance in the upcoming years.  It is among the first server-side language that can be embedded with HTML to add functionality to web pages.  

44. GO Go is one of the most reliable and efficient programming languages that stands out from the rest. It was originally  designed at   Google  in 2007 to manage its rapidly growing infrastructure. It quickly gained amazing popularity and has become one of the  top programming languages .

45. C C is a  general-purpose programming language  that is designed to work efficiently on games, graphics, and enterprise applications.

46. SWIFT It is a  robust programming language  developed by Apple Inc. It is used to  create apps for iOS , watchOS, macOS, and many more. It can be seen as the future of high-performance and secured applications.

47. C# C# is a programming language that runs on the .NET framework and is developed by Microsoft in 2000. It is effective in making desktop applications and games. As per the survey,  34%  of the top mobile games are made using C#.

48. Markup Languages and Data Formats