Lesson 7. Plants: Types of Reproduction.pptx

discusses the types of plant and how they propagate

1. SCIENCE

2. Aquatic Ecosystem Chapter 7

3. What is an Aquatic Ecosystem Lesson 7.1

4. Aquatic Ecosystem - Refers to a group of interacting organisms dependent on one another in a water environment. The interaction between living and nonliving components make the ecosystem stable.

5. Biotic Components Biotic and Abiotic Components It refers to the living components in an ecosystem. Plants Fungi Bacteria Fishes

6. Biotic and Abiotic Components It refers to the nonliving components of an ecosystem. Abiotic Components It also refers to the physical environment of the living things.

7. Some Examples of Abiotic Components It is important for plants to manufacture food through photosynthesis. 1. Sunlight

8. Some Examples of Abiotic Components It refers to a molecule of oxygen that is dissolved in water. 2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

9. Some Examples of Abiotic Components Water that is too warm may not have enough dissolved oxygen in it. 3. Water temperature

10. Some Examples of Abiotic Components It refers to the salt content of water. 4. Salinity

11. SCIENCE

12. Types of Aquatic Ecosystem Chapter 7.2

13. Aquatic Ecosystem Freshwater Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem Makes up three percent in Earth’s water. Has less salt concentration Is a diverse aquatic ecosystem that house multitude of living organisms in ocean and sea environment.

14. SOURCES OF FRESHWATER Running freshwater Still freshwater Wetlands freshwater

15. SOURCES OF FRESHWATER Still freshwater Is calm, slowing moving body of water.

16. Lakes and Ponds Lake and Pond Zones

17. Lakes and Ponds 3. Littoral zone Is the area close to the shore. Is the transition zone between dry land and the open water area to the lake. Sunlight can penetrate.

18. Lakes and Ponds Diverse set of organisms Littoral zone

19. Types of Aquatic Plants A. Floating Plants - Are not attached to the bottom. The leaves float on the water surface and are exposed to the sunlight.

20. Types of Aquatic Plants A. Floating Plants Examples: Lotus Duckweed Waterlily

21. Types of Aquatic Plants B. Submerged Plants - Have their leaves and stems submerged in the water. Lack strong water transport system in the stem. Have roots that hold the plants strongly in soil.

22. Types of Aquatic Plants B. Submerged Plants Examples: Elodea Sea grass Hydrilla

23. Types of Aquatic Plants C. Emergent Plants Are rooted plants often along the shoreline that stand above the surface of the water. Have stiff or firm stems. Cannot grow in the deeper part of the water.

24. Types of Aquatic Plants C. Emergent Plants Examples: Arrowhead Cattail Water plantain

25. Lakes and Ponds Limnetic zone Is the layer of open water farther away from the shore.

26. Lakes and Ponds Limnetic zone Photic zone – receives sunlight. 2. Aphotic zone – receives little or no sunlight.

27. Lakes and Ponds 9-10Limnetic zone Photic zone – receives sunlight. Abundance of planktons

28. Lakes and Ponds 1. Benthic zone Is the area where too little sunlight penetrates. Refers to the bottom part of the pond or lake covered with fine layers of mud and sand.

29. Streams and Rivers

30. Streams zone 5. Channel Is the deep part of the stream where the water collected flows downstream.

31. Streams zone STREAM

32. 6=8Streams zone 4. It is the area where water is deep but flows slowly. Snails, mollusks, and worms thrive here.

33. Streams zone It is the shallow areas characterized by a fast flow agitated by rocks. Only animals that can cling can survive like stoneflies, caddied flies, algae, and diatoms.

34. Streams zone It is the area of fast-moving water between riffle and pool. This is where you see the very turbulent water flow.

35. Streams zone Stream banks Are sides of the stream channel where plants can grow.

36. Endemic species in the Philippines Lasi and Ludong (lobed river mullet)

37. Wetlands

38. What are wetlands? Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season.

39. Examples of Wetlands MARSHES SWAMPS Dominated by grasses and emergent plants. Dominated by woody plants.

40. MARINE ECOSYSTEM Is a diverse aquatic ecosystem that houses a multitude of living organisms in ocean and sea environment. Major Oceans: Atlantic, Antarctic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic ocean

41. Ocean Zone

42. Ocean Zone Intertidal zone Is where the ocean meets the land.

43. Ocean Zone Intertidal zone Organisms: Barnacles Sea star Clam Seaweed Crabs

44. Ocean Zone Neritic zone Is a shallow marine environment extending from the coast to 200 meters deep. Experiences a more stable water temperature and well – oxygenated water.

45. Ocean Zone Neritic zone Organisms: Sea grasses Algae Tuna Galunggong Angel fish

46. Bathyal zone Bathyal zone It is the zone located beyond the neritic zone. It is characterized by saltwater turbidity or cloudiness due to the accumulation of silt and high pressure.

47. Ocean Zone Bathyal zone Organisms: Squid Viper fish Whales Sponge Octopus

48. Bathyal zone Abyssal zone It lies below 2,000 meters. Sunlight cannot reach this zone.

49. Ocean Zone Abyssal zone Organisms: Sea urchin Sea lilies Giant squid Angler fish

50. SCIENCE

51. Interactions in an Aquatic Ecosystem Chapter 7.3

52. Ecological Niche Different organisms play different roles.

53. Roles of Different Organisms in an Ecosystem A. PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS) Manufacture its own food through photosynthesis. Serve as food for fishes and crustaceans. Plankton – tiny algae that are carried by waves Phytoplankton Zooplankton

54. Roles of Different Organisms in an Ecosystem B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS) Depend on other organisms for food. Classifications: HERBIVORES Organisms that eat plants.

55. Roles of Different Organisms in an Ecosystem B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS) Depend on other organisms for food. Classifications: CARNIVORES Organisms that eat meat.

56. Roles of Different Organisms in an Ecosystem B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS) Depend on other organisms for food. Classifications: OMNIVORES Organisms that eat plants and animals.

57. Roles of Different Organisms in an Ecosystem B. CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS) Depend on other organisms for food. Classifications: DETRITIVORES Organisms that decompose dead plant and animal matter.

58. Feeding Relationships Show how energy flows from one organism to another organism. FOOD CHAIN FOOD PYRAMID FOOD WEB

59. Feeding Relationships Show how energy flows from one organism to another organism. FOOD CHAIN It is simply a process of eating and being eaten. Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer

60. Feeding Relationships FOOD CHAIN Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer

61. Feeding Relationships FOOD CHAIN Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer

62. Feeding Relationships Show how energy flows from one organism to another organism. Energy Pyramid It shows where organisms are placed, as well as, the energy that is transferred from a producer to the last order consumer.

63. Feeding Relationships Show how energy flows from one organism to another organism. Trophic Level It refers to the level of nourishment of organisms.

64. Trophic Level It refers to the level of nourishment of organisms. Energy Pyramid 1 st trophic level or producer 2 nd trophic level or herbivore 3 rd trophic level or carnivore 4 th trophic level

65. Trophic Level: Energy Pyramid MOST ENERGY LEAST ENERGY PRODUCERS SECONDARY CONSUMER PRIMARY CONSUMER TERTIARY CONSUMER

66. Feeding Relationships Show how energy flows from one organism to another organism. Food Web It is an overlapping food chains.

67. Food Web Producers

68. Food Web Sample Food Chain

69. Food Web Sample Food Chain

70. Food Web Sample Food Chain

71. Food Web Sample Food Chain

72. Food Web Sample Food Chain

73. Food Web Sample Food Chain

74. Food Web Sample Food Chain

75. Community Interactions A. PREDATION Refers to a relationship that involves a predator and a prey. Predator - hunts, kills, and feeds on other organisms for survival. Prey - Is the food for predators.

76. Community Interactions A. PREDATION Penguin eating fish Seal eating red mullet

77. Community Interactions B. MUTUALISM It is simply known as the “give – and – take” relationship. Sea anemone and clownfish Spider crab and Algae

78. Community Interactions C. COMPETITION It occurs when species or organisms fight for the same limited resources. Limited resources – refer to anything that makes organisms survive. Food Sunlight Space

79. Community Interactions Interspecific Competition TYPES: C. COMPETITION Intraspecific Competition Involves different members of the different species. Occurs among members of the same species

80. Community Interactions Interspecific Competition TYPES: C. COMPETITION Involves different members of the different species. Algae and plankton compete for sunlight Different fishes compete for food

81. Community Interactions TYPES: C. COMPETITION A group of clownfish competes for space in the tentacles of sea anemone Intraspecific Competition Occurs among members of the same species An anglerfish competing with another anglerfish

82. Community Interactions D. Commensalism It refers to a relationship between two organisms in which one organism is benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed. Commensal - Organisms that benefit in this relationship Host - Organisms that neither benefit nor harmed

83. Community Interactions Barnacles attach to a turtle for protection A remora attaching itself to zebra shark to travel to different places D. Commensalism

84. Community Interactions E. PARASITISM It refers to a relationship involving an organism that benefits from the relationship but causes harm to the other organisms. Parasites - Organisms that benefit in this relationship Host - Organisms that is harmed

85. Community Interactions Ectoparasite TYPES E. Parasitism Endoparasite Parasites found outside the body of the host Parasites found inside the body of the host Koi with an anchor worm Gill fluke that attack the gill membrane of fishes