Lesson 8- AI and Expert oiuyfSystems.pptx

notes

1. AI and Expert Systems Lesson 8

2. What Is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) Consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought and behavior Includes thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning AI technologies Concerned with generating and displaying knowledge and facts Knowledge engineers try to discover “rules of thumb” Enable computers to perform tasks usually handled by humans Capabilities of these systems have improved in an attempt to close the gap between artificial intelligence and human intelligence.

3. AI Technologies Supporting Decision Making Decision makers use information technologies in decision-making analyses: What-is What-if Other questions: Why? What does it mean? What should be done? When should it be done?

4. Expert Systems One of the most successful AI-related technologies Mimic human expertise in a field to solve a problem in a well-defined area Consist of programs that mimic human thought behavior In a specific area that human experts have solved successfully Work with heuristics

5. Characteristics of an Expert System Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions Why recommend a certain medicine? conclusion by showing the path of rules and inferences in its knowledge base that it followed. Can display “intelligent” behavior Can draw conclusions from complex relationships A patient is diagnosed with two diseases, The cures for the diseases may have conflicts Can provide portable knowledge Capture knowledge in one’s brain Can deal with uncertainty A patient is diagnosed without running all the tests

6. Characteristics of an Expert System Cont’d… Not widely used or tested Limited to relatively narrow problems Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge Expert systems should talk to each other Cannot refine its own knowledge Should be able to keep a consistent knowledgebase Should have a way to gain new knowledge May have high development costs Raise legal and ethical concerns

7. Components of an Expert System

8. Advantages of Expert Systems Never becomes distracted, forgetful, or tired Duplicates and preserves the expertise of scarce experts Preserve the expertise of employees who are retiring or leaving an organization Creates consistency in decision making Improves the decision-making skills of nonexperts

9. Expert Systems Development

10. Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems

11. Applications of Expert System and Artificial Intelligence Credit granting and loan analysis Stock Picking Catching cheats and terrorists NORA (Non-obvious Relationship Awareness) Budgeting Games: Proverb solves crossword puzzles Writing: Evaluate and rate writings Information management and retrieval Virus detection Learns the actions of a virus Hospitals and medical facilities

12. Revision Questions Explain characteristics of expert systems. Explain structure of expert system. Give the difference between human intelligence and artificial intelligence.