LESSON 8_Laboratory Waste Management Services and Disposal System.pdf

For future rmt’s

1. Laboratory Waste
Management Services &
Disposal System
Prepared by: LuizaD. Botengan, RMT

2. Learning objectives:
•At the end of the module, you should be able
to:
•characterize the hazardous waste of a clinical
laboratory.
•identify the potential risk of laboratory waste.
•state the laboratory services to ensure works
safety and a risk-free environment.
•enumerate the different methods of waste
elimination.
•adopt proper hazardous waste disposal
systems

3. W-A-S-T-E
W-Worthless
A-Adulterated
S-Spent
T-Throwaway
E-Expired

4. Definition of Terms
•H_________: anything that has
potential harm or can adversely affect
the health of the healthcare workers.
•R_________: possibility of suffering the
adverse health effects of hazards.
•L__________________: Materials that
are no longer needed and should be
discarded or disposed

5. LABORATORY WASTES
•CLASSIFICATION:
a. N_______________
b. H_______________

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF
HAZARDOUS WASTES
1. E___________ & R_____________
•Wastes that are unstable and reacts
violently when exposed to chemical
change
•Wastes that releases toxic fumes when
mixed with water
•May explode under extreme conditions
•May explode in standard temperature
and pressure

7. 2. C_____________
•Chemical that causes visible
destruction of, or irreversible
alterations in, living tissue by chemical
action at the site of contact.

8. 3. T___________
•Can cause acute health effects
•C_________: a substance or agent
that may cause cancer
•T__________: An agent that causes
malformation of an embryo or fetus.

9. 4. I_____________
•Wastes that can cause fire
•Flash point test
•Solutions that contain 24% alcohol
•Flash point: below 60ºC
•Oxidizers: Permanganate, peroxides,
nitrates

10. 5. I___________
•substance that can irritate the skin or
eyes

11. 6. E_______________________
•toxic to environment and aquatic
animals.
•Oils and oily debris

12. CATEGORIES OF LABORATORY
WASTES
1.I__________________
•Suspected to contain pathogenic
organisms

13. 2. P_________________
•Wastes that include human and animal
tissues, organs, body parts, and body
fluids that are removed during autopsy,
biopsy, surgery or other medical
procedure.

14. 3. C_______________
•Discarded solids, liquids, and gaseous
chemicals from laboratory procedures
and include laboratory reagents

15. 4. R____________________
•waste that contains radioactive
material

16. 5. B___________________
•Wastes generated in diagnostic
laboratories
•Includes: human anatomical wastes,
sharps objects, any material
contaminated with blood or chemical
wastes.

17. Highly infectious items

18. Must be puncture proof

19. Must be puncture proof

20. CHEMICAL WASTES IN A
CLINICAL LABORATORY

21. CHEMICAL WASTES
•Diagnostic Reagents
•Chemical substances used in a clinical
laboratory
•Chemical Safety Data Sheets (CSDS)
•Handling, storage, toxicity, health effects,
first aid, reactivity, protective equipment,
and spill-handling procedures
•Safety symbols

22. •Handling
•should never be mixed together unless
specific instructions are followed
•Acid should always be added to water to
avoid the possibility of sudden splashing
caused by the rapid generation of heat in
some chemical reactions.
•Wear proper PPE

23. •Chemical Labeling
•labeled with a description of
their particular hazard
•poisonous, corrosive,
flammable, explosive,
teratogenic, or carcinogenic
Chemical hazard symbols.

24. •Chemical Labeling
•NFPA
NFPA hazardous material symbols.

25. Chemical Waste Disposal
•Consider chemical incompatibilities
•Incompatible chemicals should never NOT be
stored in the same container
•Oxidizers should never be mixed with any acids
•Organic acids should be segregated from
inorganic acids
•Acids should not be mixed with cyanide salts or
cyanide solutions
•Oxidizing acids cannot be stored with
combustible materials
•Oxidizing agents should not be mixed with
reducing agents
•Alkali metals must be kept separate from water

26. Chemical Waste Storage
•Containers are commonly drums and
jerricans

27. LABORATORY WASTE
MANAGEMENT

28. ,incineration

29. A. Thermal
1. I_____________________
•Combustion of organic substances with
excess oxygen at high temperature for
sufficient time
•Wastes that are best disposed of by
incineration:
•Tissue specimens placed in biohazard bags
•Non-glass disposal tubes
•Swabs
•Syringes, needles and objects with sharp
edges

31. •Waste types not to be incinerated (WHO)
•Pressurized gas containers
•Large amounts of reactive chemical wastes
•Silver salts and photographic or
radiographic wastes
•Halogenated plastics such as polyvinyl
chloride (PCV)
•Waste with high mercury or cadmium
content, such as broken thermometers,
used batteries, and lead-lined wooden
panels

32. 2. A_________________
•Destroys bacteria using high pressure
steam

33. 3. P____________
•also called as controlled air
incineration or double-chamber
incineration.
•In the pyrolytic chamber, the
waste is thermally decomposed
through an oxygen-deficient,
medium-temperature combustion
process (800–900°C), producing
solid ashes and gases.
Pyrolytic incinerator

34. Pyrolytic incinerator
•Adequate for the following waste
categories:
•Infectious waste (including sharps) and
pathological waste
•Pharmaceutical and chemical residues

35. B. CHEMICAL DISINFECTION
•Most suitable for treating liquid waste
such as blood, urine, stools, or hospital
sewage.
•aldehydes, chlorine compounds,
ammonium salts, and phenolic
compounds

36. Chemical disinfection
•Most parasites such as Giardia and
Cryptosporidium are resistant

37. •Most microorganisms are destroyed by
the action of microwaves of a
frequency of about 2450 MHz and a
wavelength of 12.24cm
•infectious components are destroyed
by heat conduction.
C. MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

38. D. BIOLOGICAL
•Specifically refers to the degradation of
organic matter through processes occurring
in nature
•Examples include composting, biodigestion,
and natural decomposition through burial of
cadavers, tissues and anatomical parts
•Hospital kitchen waste

39. E. ENCAPSULATION
•immobilizing the pharmaceuticals in a
solid block within a plastic or steel drum
•Plastic foam, sand, cement, clay material

40. F. INERTIZATION
•mixing waste with cement and other substances
before disposal, in order to minimize the risk of
toxic substances contained in the wastes
migrating into the surface water or ground water
•variant of encapsulation and involves removing
the packaging materials, paper, cardboard and
plastic, from the pharmaceuticals
•Pills need to be removed from their blister packs.

42. L______________
•Engineered site designed to keep waste
isolated from the environment.
•Where treatedhealthcare wastes are
usually disposed of.
•This site must secure proper permits from
DENR before it can accept wastes.

44. PROPER HAZARDOUS
WASTE DISPOSAL
PROCEDURES

45. SINK DISPOSAL
•PROHIBITED for HAZARDOUS wastes
•Allowed ONLY if the drainage system is
connected to a wastewater treatment plant.
•Only for selected lab wastes
•Liquid biological wastes that has been
autoclaved
•Liquid biological wastes that are diluted with
10% bleach
•Solutions that don’t contain any toxic cations
or anions
•Chemical wastes with non corrosive pH levels

46. TRASH DISPOSAL
•ONLY for
•non hazardous lab wastes
•lab wastes that are not contaminated with
hazardous agents.

47. PROPER HANDLING OF
HAZARDOUS WASTES

48. LABELLING OF WASTES
•Label all waste materials properly
•Symbols
•Labels of old containers should be
completely removed or defaced
•To avoid confusion

49. SEGREGATION OF WASTES
•Segregate lab wastes as:
•Chemical wastes, pathological, biological,
radioactive, infectious, etc.
•Solid wastes and liquid wastes
•Infectious biological wastes should be
separated from noncontaminated biological
wastes
•Wastes should be separated based on
chemical compatibility
•Check leaking containers or spills

50. •Color coding
COLOR OF
CONTAINER/BAG
TYPE OF WASTES
Non-infectious dry wastes
Non-infectious wet waste (Kitchen,
dietary)
Infectious and pathological wastes
Chemical waste including those
with heavy metals
Radioactive wastes
Sharps and pressurized containers

51. CAPPING WASTE BOTTLES
•Waste bottles should be capped to
prevent the release of contents and
should NOT be capped too tightly to
avoid the buildup of pressure inside the
bottle

52. STORAGE OF WASTES
•Wastes are NEVER stored in a fume hood
•Metals cans are NEVER used as a storage
•Polyethylene containers
•Containers for flammable waste should
be stored in an explosion-resistant
solvent cabinet
•Waste bottles are not to be stored near a
sink of floor drain
fume hood

53. ACCUMULATION OF
EXCESSIVE WASTES
•Only one waste container of each type
should be present in the laboratory
•If an organic waste bottle is full, it
should be sent to the stockroom for
disposal.

54. COLLECTION
•Time of collection regardless of category
should be at the start of every shift
•Recommendations (DOH)
•Collected daily
•Wastes are not collected if they are not
properly labeled

55. TRANSPORT

56. HEALTH RISKS DUE TO UNTREATED
HEALTHCARE WASTES
A.Disposal of untreated healthcare
wastes in landfills can lead to the
contamination of drinking and ground
waters (if those landfills are not
properly constructed)

59. B. Improper handling of chemically treated
healthcare wastes can result in the release
of chemical substances into the
environment.

60. BENEFITS ACHIEVED THROUGH PROPER
AND STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH
STANDARDS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF
HEALTHCARE WASTES:
•Protection of patients, healthcare workers
and the general population from the
adverse effects of healthcare wastes to
human health
•Protection of the environment
•Increased compliance of healthcare
institutions
•Prevention of long-term liabilities

61. Remember…
Safety First!

63. References:
WHO (nd). Treatment and disposal technologies for health-care
waste
Sally A. Suba and Jennifer F. Florida (2014). INTRODUCTION TO
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY WITH SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd, Pasig City,
Philippines.
Strasinger, S. K., & Di Lorenzo, M. S. (2008). Urinalysis and body
fluids (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
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