Lesson 9 The Information Age (Science, Technology and Society.pdf

Science, Technology and Society

1. THE INFORMATION AGE
LESSON 9

2. THE INFORMATION AGE
•TheInformationAgeisdefinedasa‘period
startinginthelastquarterofthe20
th
century when information became
effortlesslyaccessiblethroughpublications
andthroughthemanagementofinformation
bycomputersandcomputernetworks’.
•TheInformationAgeisalsocalledtheDigital
AgeandtheNewMediaAgebecauseitwas
associatedwiththedevelopment of
computers.

3. Johannes Gutenberg invented the
printing press using a movable
metal type

4. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary,
“A Dictionary of the English
Language” was published

5. Invention of the carbon arc lamp

6. Research on persistence of vision
published

7. Ada Lovelace -world’s first
computer program

8. Invention of the telegraph in Great
Britain and the United States

9. Motion pictures were projected on
a screen

10. Dewey Decimal system was
introduced

11. Eadweard Muybridge
demonstrated high-speed
photography

12. First magnetic recordings
were released

13. Motion picture special effects
were used

14. Lee DeForestinvented the
electronic amplifying tube
(triode)

15. Television camera tube was
invented by Zyorkyn

16. First practical sound movie

17. Regularly schedules television
broadcasting began in the US

18. Beginnings of information science
as a discipline

19. VannevarBush foresaw the
invention of hypertext

20. ENIAC computer was developed

21. Birth of field-of-information theory
proposed by
Claude E. Shannon

22. Planar transistor was
developed by Jean Hoerni

23. First integrated circuit

24. Library of Congress developed LC
MARC (machine-readable code)

25. UNIX operating system was
developed which could handle
multitasking

26. Intel introduced the first
microprocessor chip

27. Optical laserdisc was
developed by Philips and MCA

28. MCA and Philips agreed on a
standard videodisc encoding
format

29. Altair Microcomputer Kit was
released; first personal
computer for the public

30. RadioShack introduced the first
complete personal computer

31. Apple Macintosh computer was
introduced

32. Artificial intelligence was separated
from information science

33. HyperCard was developed by Bill
Atkinson recipe box metaphor

34. Four hundred fifty complete works
of literature on one CD-ROM was
released

35. RSA (encryption and network security
software) internet security code cracked
for a 48-bit number

36. THE INFORMATION AGE
Computers
•One of the most important
contributions of advances in
the Information Age to
society
•Is an electronic device that
stores and processes data
(information). It runs on a
program that contains the
exact, step-by-step directions
to solve a problem

37. 1.Personal Computer (PC)
•It is a single-user instrument, PCs
were first known as
microcomputers since they were a
complete computer but built on a
smaller scale than the enormous
system operated by most
businesses.
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

38. 2. Desktop Computer
•It is described as a PC that is not
designed for portability. The assumption
with a desktop is that it will be set up in
a permanent spot. A workstation is
simply a desktop computer that has a
more powerful processor, additional
memory, and enhanced capabilities for
performing special group of tasks, such
as 3D graphic or game development/
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

39. 3. Laptops
•These are potable computers
that integrate the essentials of
a desktop computer in a
battery –powered package,
which are somewhat larger that
typical hardcover book. They
are commonly called
notebooks.
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

40. 4. Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs)
•These are tightly integrated
computers that usually have no
keyboards but rely on a touch
screen for user input. PDAs are
typically smaller than a paperback,
lightweight, and battery-powered .
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

41. 5. Servers
•It refers to a computer that
has been improved to provide
network services to other
computers. Servers usually
boast powerful processors,
tons of memory, and large
hard drives.
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

42. 6. Mainframes
These are huge computer systems that can
fill an entire room. They are used especially
by large firms to describe the large, expensive
machines that process millions of
transactions every day. The term
“mainframe” has been replaced by enterprise
server. Although some supercomputers are
single computer systems, most compromise
multiple, high-performance parallel
computers working as a single system
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

43. 7. Wearable computers
They involve materials that are
usually integrated into cell
phones, watches and other
small objects or places. They
perform common computer
applications such as databases,
email, multimedia, and
schedulers
THE INFORMATION AGE
Types of Computers

44. •is a hypertext-based
information system. Any word
in a hypertext document can
be specified as a pointer to a
different hypertext document
where more information
pertaining to that word can be
found.
THE INFORMATION AGE
World Wide Web (WWW)

45. Bioinformatics–applicationofinformation
technologytostore,organize,andanalyzevast
amountofbiologicaldatawhichisavailablein
theformofsequencesandstructuresofproteins
–thebuildingblocksoforganismsandnucleic
acids–theinformationcarrier.
Applications of Computers in Science and Research

46. 1.Whoistheauthorofthearticle/site?
a.Howtofindout?
•Lookforan‘About’or‘MoreAbouttheAuthor’
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

47. 1.Who is the author of the article/site?
a.How to find out?
•Look for an ‘About’ or ‘More About the Author’
•Some pages will have a corporate author rather than a single
person as an author. If no information about the author(s) of the
page, be suspicious.
1. Does the author provide his or her credentials?
2. What type of expertise does he/she have on the subject
he/she is writing about? Does he/she indicate what
his/her education is?
3. What type of experience does he/she have? Should you
trust his/her knowledge of the subject?
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

48. 2.Whopublishedthesite?
a.Howtofindout?
•Lookforthedomainnameofthewebsitethatwilltellyouwhois
hostingthesite.Forinstance,theLeeCollegeLibrarywebsiteis:
https://www.ee.edu/library.Thedomainnameis‘lee.edu’.
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

49. 2.Whopublishedthesite?
a.Howtofindout?
•Lookforthedomainnameofthewebsitethatwilltellyouwhois
hostingthesite.Forinstance,theLeeCollegeLibrarywebsiteis:
https://www.ee.edu/library.Thedomainnameis‘lee.edu’.
•Searchthedomainnameathttps://www.whois.sc/.Thesite
providesinformationabouttheownersofregistereddomainnames.
•Donotignorethesuffixonthedomainname.thesuffixisusually
descriptiveofwhattypeofentityhoststhewebsite.
a..edu–educational d..gov–government
b..com–commercial e..org–nonprofit
c..mil–military
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

50. 2.Whopublishedthesite?
a.Howtofindout?
•Lookforthedomainnameofthewebsitethatwilltellyouwhois
hostingthesite.Forinstance,theLeeCollegeLibrarywebsiteis:
https://www.ee.edu/library.Thedomainnameis‘lee.edu’.
•Searchthedomainnameathttps://www.whois.sc/.Thesite
providesinformationabouttheownersofregistereddomainnames.
•Donotignorethesuffixonthedomainname.thesuffixisusually
descriptiveofwhattypeofentityhoststhewebsite.
a..edu–educational d..gov–government
b..com–commercial e..org–nonprofit
c..mil–military
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

51. 3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthesite?Whydidthe
authorwriteitandwhydidthepublisherpostit?
a.Tosellaproduct?
b.Asapersonalhobby?
c.Asapublicservice
d.Tofurtherscholarshiponatopic?
e.Toprovidegeneralinformationonatopic?
f.Topersuadeyouofaparticularpointofview?
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

52. 4.Whoistheintendedaudience?
a.Scholarsorgeneralpublic?
b.Whichagegroupisitwrittenfor?
c.Itisaimedatpeoplefromaparticulargeographic
area?
d.Isitaimedatmembersofaparticularprofessionor
withspecifictraining?
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?

53. 5.Whatisthequalityofinformationprovidedonthewebsite?
a.Timeliness:Whenwasthewebsitefirstpublished?Isit
regularlyupdated?Checkfordatesatthebottomofeach
pageonthesite.
b.Doestheauthorcitesources?Justasinprintsources,web
sourcesthatcitetheirsourcesareconsideredmorereliable.
c.Whattypeofothersitesdoesthewebsitelinkto?Arethey
reputablesites?
d.Whattypesofsiteslinktothesitesyouareevaluating?Is
thewebsitebeingcitedbyothers?
Applications of Computers in Science and Research
How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources?