Lighting design requirements

building illumination-lighting design requirement

1. LIGHTING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DONE BY - 17091AA044 17091AA051 17091AA054 15121AA044

2. RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING Good lighting design turns a house into a home. It enhances the interior design and architecture, and should be designed to reflect how the resident lives in the space. A house can have the most beautiful interior design and stunning architecture, but if the lighting is wrong it simply won’t feel like a home. Quality of lighting T he quality of light is defined by the size of the light source relative to the subject. LIGHTING QUALITY  means achieving an optimum balance among human needs, architectural considerations, and energy efficiency. Colour and texture The  Texture of Light is  an attempt to fight the boredom of everyday life. This project employs the simple use of chemistry, Plexiglas, and plastic patterns to form a reconstruction of reality, giving it a  texture  and an expressive form. Neutrals Darks Whites

3. Lighting considerations - Light Distribution and Brightness Conservation of Energy The Appearance of the Space and Luminaires Glare The Appearance of Color Lighting Control and Flexibility Lighting of Faces Cost of Implementation Installation Maintenance

4. Dimensions and Spacing Spacing Guidelines for Light Fixtures: The general rule for ambient or task lighting  is to space recessed ceiling fixtures approximately the same distance apart as the beam spread at the work height, typically assumed to be 30 inches above the floor (36 inches for kitchen counters). The light beam spread is the central cone of light, where the beam is at least 50% of the brightness at the center of the beam. For ambient lighting , choose a compact fluorescent, A lamp, or wide flood with a beam angle of at least 50 degrees. Typical spacing for ambient lighting with recessed lights is 6 to 7 1/2 feet for an 8-foot ceiling, or 7 to 8 1/2 feet for a 9-foot ceiling. Spacing from the first row of lights to the wall is half this distance. For accent lighting , space recessed or track fixtures so their light hits the wall at about 30 degrees. For lighting a large wall area, the distance between fixtures should be equal to or less than their distance from the wall

5. CORPORATE LIGHTING The lighting affects the ambiance of the office; the psychological well being, interest, and enthusiasm of its employees. It should enhance the feeling of well-being and productivity. Employees need to perform tasks comfortably and effectively in the environment. CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL LIGHTING – Size and shape of the space Traffic patterns through the space How each room will be used: there is almost always some type of task involved in each space and some tasks require more light than others. Illuminate the space appropriately for its uses by considering both the architectural elements as well as the human interaction within the space. Integrate layers of light to maximize illumination where it is needed. Integrate daylight. Use appropriate controls for light level and energy management Use the most efficient lamp and ballast technology appropriate for the space. The ceiling height and shape: if light will be reflected off these surfaces and contribute to the ambient light level in the room. Color of the walls: darker walls absorb more light and may require higher levels of illumination. A light, bright office will reflect a better image of a company than a dull one. Art work and highlight areas: determining the pieces and places to be highlighted helps determine the number of accent lights needed. Families of luminaires: recessed downlights used as adjustable accents and wall washers should match in aperture size and trim finish as well as use similar lamp types. Compliment these choices with the same, or similar, finished fixtures to avoid drawing attention to the lighting system.

6. Types of light fixtures for commercial lighting design When selecting light fixtures in commercial lighting design, their characteristics, application and function must be considered. Commonly-used commercial lighting design fixtures include T5 and compact fluorescent lights, however, given the reduction in prices, LED light fixtures are starting to be preferred . Tubular Fluorescent Light  Fixtures - This type of light fixture , is typically set into ceilings and covered with a frosted lens. Depending on the amount of lighting required in the commercial space, standard fluorescent lights usually have one to four bulbs. They are regarded as one of the longer-lasting and more energy-efficient options for commercial lighting design . Compact Fluorescent Light  Fixtures - compact fluorescent lighting is also built from traditional fluorescent technology and has a compact internal ballast. While it is as energy efficient as tubular fluorescent lighting, the light emitted provides a better natural white colour perception. It is commonly used in lighting application for tasks and downlight  lamps in commercial spaces . T5 Fluorescent Light  Fixtures - Suitable for troffer or high bay (high ceiling) applications, T5 fluorescent  light   fixtures  are often considered the best option for commercial lighting designs because they have a long life and their maintenance requirements are minimal. While the T5 fluorescent fixtures were designed with fluorescent lamps sources, they are now more often designed to accommodate LED bulbs. LED Light Fixtures In the recent years, LED light fixtures have been widely adopted because they consume less power and have a longer operational life. While the initial adoption of LED fittings was a challenge, the reduction in cost, almost as low as T5 and fluorescent light fixtures, has led to an increase in preference for LED lighting fixtures in commercial lighting design. T5 Fluorescent  Light Fixtures Compact Fluorescent Light Fixtures Tubular Fluorescent Light Fixtures

7. RECEPTION AREA – Lighting needs to compliment the architecture and convey a strong corporate image. This area usually requires lighting two separate conditions: a task area for the receptionist as well as an area for waiting visitors. Care should be taken to light the receptionist’s face so they appear approachable. Lighting in the waiting area should be restful, but provide sufficient illuminance for simple tasks. CORRIDORS – The corridors throughout the office must remain illuminated for long, if not continuous, periods of time. To conserve energy, provide at least one-fifth the illuminance level of the surrounding areas. This is a safe, navigational level, and will not effect eye adaptation when moving in and out of the hallways. If the walls and ceilings are lit, the area will feel larger and more open. All corridors must have emergency lighting, as they are paths of egress. CONFERENCE ROOMS – The conference room serves many different functions: from video and power point presentations to brainstorming sessions, the lighting design needs to accommodate the range of activity occurring in the space. It is vital that the lighting in these spaces is designed for maximum flexibility and visual comfort. General lighting in the room, at a comfortable, navigational level, needs to be dimmable to vary the illuminance level for visual presentations. Appropriate task lighting needs to be provided for reading and writing at the table, and ample illumination on the people seated at the table also needs to be provided. RECEPTION AREA CORRIDORS CONFERENCE ROOMS

8. OPEN PLAN OFFICE SPACE – Open plan office space is a dynamic space where a wide variety of different tasks are carried out. The ambient light level in the open plan office needs to provide a comfortable, functional light and be lit consistently with the overall lighting plan. The furniture used in the space will have a major impact on the distribution characteristics and general luminance of the ambient lighting. Therefore, the task lighting in the space will provide the higher illuminance levels that are needed at task locations. The lighting should be distributed uniformly, avoiding hot spots and glare. Glare contributes to eye strain, visual fatigue, and headaches, as well as making takstasks more difficult to see. It is important to keep the open lighting plan very flexible, as the transient nature of work stations will alter the planned lighting layout. PRIVATE OFFICE SPACE – Private offices are used for individual work as well as group meeting space. The ambient light in the room should be sufficient for navigation and conversation with adequate task lighting over the desk and other work surfaces. Accent lighting can provide variety and interest, and serve a dual purpose by creating simple light patterns on the while while highlighting artwork or other work-related material. This can be achieved with adjustable recessed housings or track heads. Luminaire design and style should compliment the architectural and interior design qualities of the room. EXIT & EMERGENCY LIGHTING – When general lighting systems fail, exit and emergency lighting direct the safe exit of the building’s occupants. If no exit is required, the lighting should provide security and comfort until the general lighting can be restored. OPEN PLAN OFFICE SPACE PRIVATE OFFICE SPACE EXIT & EMERGENCY LIGHTING

9. HOSPITAL LIGHTING Main Purpose of Hospital Lighting G ood Illumination promotes - The safety of the people who are using the building; Work and other activities carried out within the building comfortably; It creates a pleasing environment conducive to interest of the occupants ; It creates a sense of their well-being. Main Objective of Hospital Lighting is to Bring daylight scenarios into an office building. Enhance well-being and performance of staff. The Fields of Hospital to be taken under Lighting Design Lighting of Exterior Portions of the Hospital Hospital Building Car Parking Entrance of Emergency Department Lighting of Interior Portions of the Hospital Doctors’ offices Waiting areas Bathrooms Library First aid ward Corridors – staircase Kitchen Laboratory Operating room Dentistry Maternity ward Patient rooms

10. Required Illuminance Levels in main Portion of the Hospital Doctor’s Office Operating Room

11. TYPES OF LUMINAIRES USED IN HOSPITAL Luminaire used for Examination Purpose For examination purpose Mobile type Luminaire is used basically. This luminaire is designed to aid any surgery. The halogen lamp is used basically in this luminaire. The Mobile type luminaires are used in Labour Orthopaedics Urology Gynaecology Additional lamp in the O. T. Characteristics of luminaire used for examination purpose in the hospital

12. Operation Theatre Luminaire Operation Theatre Luminaires use halogen lamps with proper filters to give cold bluish white light, almost similar to natural light which is ideal for surgeries of all types. The Lights incorporate international safety standards. Functions of Operation Theatre Luminaire are given below: Shadow free lighting due to large-area polygon reflector; Homogeneous depth illumination makes refocusing unnecessary for changes of distance; Continuous adaptation of light intensity and illuminated field size to the requirements of the operating area; High-performance thermo-absorbing filter system is used for colour temperatures similar to daylight with brilliant colour rendition; The elimination of unwanted thermal radiation prevents tissue desiccation and provides cool comfort working beneath the light; No possible loss of light due to built-in reserve light; Seven and Four Reflector Theatre Light Theatre Light

13. Patient’s Ward Light Required Lux level for patient’s Ward luminaire is 150 to 200 Lux (maximum) and 20 to 50 Lux (minimum) Conditions for Patient’s Ward Luminaire Installation Lux level varies patient to patient CCT ( Correlated colour temperature) must be 4000 K Smooth or cool light colour No glare Uniform lumen distribution Lights used in patient’s wards are FTL, CFL, and LED Lamps etc. Luminaire for reception and Nursing Stations Appropriate lighting levels – 300 Lux is recommended for reception and nursing stations. The luminaires used should have Colour Appearance 4000 K and Colour Rendering Index is 80+. Corridors and Circulation Areas Appropriate lighting levels – 150/200 Lux is recommended for corridors and circulation areas. The used luminaires must have Colour Appearance 4000 K – Colour Rendering Ra 58+. Light source used for corridors and circulation areas are FTL, CFL, LED etc.

14. MUSEUM LIGHTING Lighting is an integral part of museum design . In an art gallery , museum spaces daylight and artificial light are important. Exposure of sensitive materials to light, especially daylight, detriments the longevity and preservation of those artworks or art efacts . Light fundamentally affects materials through photo-chemical action and radiant heating effects from UV & IR rays. THE MOST IMPORTANT LIGHTING SYSTEM USED IN EXHIBITION ROOMS : LUMINOUS CEILINGS The idea is to emulate the sky for this kind of lighting system . Iuminous ceilings deliver light which is praticularly sutable for painting , galleries and give it an opal colour . INDIRECT LIGHTS   Indirect lighting adds brightness to the arts without creating any direct or indirect glare . light bounced off the ceiling and upper wall surfaces into the room.

15.   COVE LIGHTS The curving transition between wall and ceiling .   The cove or coving is another indirect lighting solution. WALL WASHERS   Wall washers bring attention to the wall that contain the arts and artefact . Brings drama & focus to the object .   Wall washing provides an even spread of illumination . Effect of flattening out textured surfaces.   SPOT LAMPS Three-dimensional character of an object . Create shadows and to highlight an object's form and texture . Silhouetting .  

16. TABL E O F LU X EXPOSUR E GENERAL RANGE O F VISIBL E LIGH T TEMPEATURE & SPECIFI C LIGHTIN G CONDITION S FROM ART MUSEUMS

17.  LIGHTING TECHNIQUE LIGHTING TECHNIQUE FOR 2D OBJECT   Framing projector can make objects make look internally illuminated. LIGHTING TECHNIQUE FOR 3D OBJECT

18. BIBILIOGRAPHY https://www.studionlighting.com/blog/home-residential-lighting-design-basics/ https://www.contechlighting.com/en/docs/contechcommerciallightingguide2017_0.pdf https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Commercial_lighting https://www.electrical4u.com/hospital-lighting/ https://www.slideshare.net/hannahmerrett98/lighting-in-a-gallery https://www.slideserve.com/sancha/6332-day-lighting-buildings https://www.slideshare.net/SHRISTISHAKYA7/lighting-in-museum-and-art-gallery-98865209