lightning region and season and casualty

Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves.
It is usually accompanied by thunder. Which typically occur during thunderstorm.
In the early stages of development, air acts as an insulator between the positive and negative charges in the cloud and between the cloud and the ground.
when the opposite charges build up enough, this insulating capacity of the air breaks down and occur rapid discharge of electricity that we know as lightning.

1. The Major Lightning Prone Regions, Seasons and Fatalities Over India Presented By Pramod Kr. Yadava Research Scholar IESD, BHU Pramod Kumar Yadava, Sunita Verma and Swagata Payra

2. Objectives Introduction Study Area Instrumentation Methodology Results and Discussions Outline:

3. To identify the lightning prone areas and different seasons over India using satellite data. Analysis of spatio-temporal variability of lightning over India using satellite data. Statistics of State wise fatalities by lightning in India. Objectives:

4. Introduction Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. It is usually accompanied by thunder. Which typically occur during thunderstorm. In the early stages of development, air acts as an insulator between the positive and negative charges in the cloud and between the cloud and the ground. when the opposite charges build up enough, this insulating capacity of the air breaks down and occur rapid discharge of electricity that we know as lightning. Lightning is a very heavy flow of charge between cloud to cloud or ground. Lightning strike are more frequently in hilly area in comparison to plain.

5. Study area: India being the seventh largest country of the world with a total land area of 3,287, 263 km 2 . It is located between longitude 68 ∘ 07 ′ and 97 ∘ 25 ′ E and latitude 8 ∘ 04 ′ and 37 ∘ 06 ′ N. It is bounded by the Great Himalayan range in the north that runs from east to west in the form of a convex arc whose length is about 2400 km.

6. Data Used TRMM / LIS. Resolution – 0.25 degree. Date – 1998 – 2013. NCRB Report form Fatalities Data. Instrumentation and data

7. TRMM/LIS Overview: Launch date November 28, 1997 Altitude Approx. 350 km (Approx. 402.5km) Inclination Approx. 35 degrees Temporal Resolution 1 minute- < 1 hour Spatial Resolution 3-6 Km Swath 600 Km Mission instrument Precipitation Radar (PR) TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS)

8. Data collection Image processing Monthly and Seasonal data extraction. Flash count Retrievals Interpretation Methods: Formula:

9. Methodology : Data Collection ( TRMM/LIS for 1998-2013 over India ) Pre-Processing Seasonal Data Extraction Monthly Data Extraction Flash Count Retrieval Spatial Mapping of Lightning Flashes Using Arc GIS over India Interpretation

10. Results and Discussion:

11. Seasonal variation ( Pre-monsoon) March to may is appears summer/pre-monsoon season in India. From the map we may see that the lightning in north east region majorly Assam, Meghalaya is very high which lies in the range from 55 to 60 flashes/Km Sq. / Yr. whereas Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh have least amount of lightning. Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal, Orissa experiences moderate lightning from 15 to 35 strikes per kilometer per year.

12. Monthly Variation Above graph reveals that maximum flashes km -1 month -1 are occurred in the month of April which is around 25 flashes, whereas November, December and January shows the minimum lightning values which is less the 5 flashes. The overall lightning is high in the months from March to September which is lies in the summer and monsoon season. Source: TRMM/LIS Monthly Lightning Flash Graph (1998-2013)

13. Death due to various natural disaster over India. The period from 1998 to 2013, the total number of deaths attributed to nature are 317453, out of which 9.85% were due to lightning. The figure shows clearly that death due to lightning seems most significant. The average annual mortality rate approx. is 2000 for the period of 1998 to 2013.

14. State wise Number of death: Due to lightning (NCRB fatalities report)

15. Death due to Lightning and Lightning Strikes state wise analysis

16. Conclusion: Lightning is one of the most dangerous natural calamity which takes more than 2000 life per year in India. The accidental Death and Suicide report of NCRB fatalities due to lightning from 1998 to 2013 analysis shows, the total number of deaths attributed to nature are 317453, out of which 9.85% were due to lightning strikes. The study reveals that most lightning dominant regions over India are Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala and Orissa throughout the year with a lightning of more than 35 flash/Km Sq. / Yr.

17. The lightning dominates during pre-monsoon season which starts from March and May have maximum lightning around 60 flash/Km Sq. / Yr. Monsoon season which starts from June to August experiences high precipitation and maximum lightning flashes are 55 flash/Km Sq. / Yr. in north region of Jammu and Kashmir. Conclusion cont..

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