LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS.pptx

lpp ka project

1. LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS Linear programming problems also long for LPP is a problem that is concerned with finding the optimal value of the given linear function. The optimal value can be either maximum value or the minimum value. Here the given linear function is known as objective linear function.

2. The linear programming problem can be used to get optimal solution for the following scenarios such as :- 1) Manufacturing problems 2) Diet problems 3) Transportation problems 4) Allocation problems There are some components of linear programming these are :- Decision variables constraints Data Objective Function

3. What is Linear Programming ? Linear programming is a process that is used to determine the best outcome of a linear function. It is the best method to perform linear optimisation by making a few simple assumptions The linear function is also called the objective function. It is also used as a method to depict a complicated real world relationship by using the elements in the mathematical form.

4. APPLICATION OF LPP IN FOOD & AGGRICULTURE Farmers apply linear programming techniques to their work. By determining what crops they should grow, the quantity of it and how to use it efficiently, farmers can increase their revenue . In nutrition, linear programming provides a powerful tool to aid in planning for dietary needs. In order to provide healthy, low-cost food baskets for needy families, nutritionists can use linear programming. Constraints may include dietary guidelines, nutrient guidance, cultural acceptability or some combination thereof. 

5. APPLICATION OF LPP IN ENGINEERING Engineers also use linear programming to help solve design and manufacturing problems. For example, in airfoil meshes, engineers seek aerodynamic shape optimization. This allows for the reduction of the drag coefficient of the airfoil. Constraints may include lift coefficient, relative maximum thickness, nose radius and trailing edge angle. Shape optimization seeks to make a shock-free airfoil with a feasible shape. Linear programming therefore provides engineers with an essential tool in shape optimization.

6. FORMULAS A linear programming problem will consist of decision variables, an objective function, constraints and non negative restrictions. The constraints are the restrictions that are imposed on the decision variables to limit their value. The decision variables must always have a non negative value which is given by the non negative restrictions. The general formula of a linear function is:- Z = ax + by where Z is objective function

7. CONSTRAINTS 1) cx + dy ≤   e 2) E + qy ≤   h THE INEQUALITIES CAN ALSO BE “ ≤  ” NON NEGATIVE RESTRICTIONS 1)X≥0 2)Y≥0

8. HOW TO SOLVE ? The most important part of solving the linear programming problem is to first formulate the problem using given data and then use the following steps :- 1) Identify the decision variables 2) Formulate the objective function 3) Write down the constraints 4) Ensure the decision variables are greater than or less than 0 5) Solve the linear problem using the simple or graphical method

9. GRAPHICAL METHOD EXAMPLE :- A health-conscious family wants to have a very well controlled vitamin C-rich mixed fruit-breakfast which is a good source of dietary fibre as well; in the form of 5 fruit servings per day. They choose apples and bananas as their target fruits, which can be purchased from an online vendor in bulk at a reasonable price Bananas cost 30 rupees per dozen and apples cost 80 rupees per kg Every person of the family would like to have at least 20 mg of Vitamin C daily but would like to keep the intake under 60 mg. How much fruit servings would the family have to consume on a daily basis per person to minimize their cost?

10. ANS) ‘x’ = number of banana servings taken and ‘y’ = number of servings of apples taken. Cost of a banana serving = 30/6 rupees = 5 rupees. Thus, the cost of ‘x’ banana servings = 5x rupees Cost of an apple serving = 80/8 rupees = 10 rupees. Thus the cost of ‘y’ apple servings = 10y rupees Total Cost C = 5x + 10y Total Vitamin C intake : 8.8x + 5.2y  ≥ 20            (1) 8.8x + 5.2y  ≤ 60            (2) NOW LET US PLOT A GRAPH

11. To check for the validity of the equations, put x=0, y=0 in (1). Clearly, it doesn’t satisfy the inequality. Therefore, we must choose the side opposite to the origin as our valid region. Similarly, the side towards origin is the valid region for equation 2

12. Now we must calculate the coordinates of this point. To do this, just solve the simultaneous pair of linear equations: y = 0 8.8x + 5.2y = 20 We’ll get the coordinates of ‘P’ as (2.27, 0). This implies that the family must consume 2.27 bananas and 0 apples to minimize their cost and function according to their diet plan.

13. SIMPLE METHOD Example 2 Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Minimise Z = 200 x + 500 y ... subject to the constraints: x + 2y ≥ 10 3x + 4y ≤ 24 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

14. Solution :- The shaded region in graph is the feasible region ABC determined by the system of constraints (2) to (4), which is bounded. The coordinates of corner points L, C and M are (0,5), (4,3) and (0,6) respectively. The graph is as follows:-

15. Now we evaluate Z = 200x + 500y at these points. Hence, minimum value of Z is 2300 attained at the point (4, 3)

16. Thank you PROJECT BY – mohd . Shibran sajid XII – B 33