Linux file commands

Linux file commands

1. Linux Basic Commands File Commands Instructor: Sundas Ahmed By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 1

2. File Command… file – This command is used to determine a file’s file type. Synatx : $ file file-name By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 2

3. Remove File Command… rm – To remove file or directory. Syntax: $ rm file-name $ rm -r dir -name Options: $ rm -f (To remove a file forcefully ) $ rm -r (To remove a directory) $ rm - rf (To remove a directory forcefully). By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 3

4. Move Command… mv – To move file or directory from one location to another location. – Also used to rename file and directory. Syntax: $ mv file-name /location $ mv old-name new-name By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 4

5. Cat Command… cat – To view contents of file. – Also used to create new text file. Syntax: $ cat file-name (To view the file contents) $ cat > file-name (To create a text file) $ cat >> file-name (To append the text existing file) $ ctrl+d (To save contents of the file) Options: $ cat -n (to view contents of file with line numbers). By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 5

6. Copy Command… cp – Use to copy the files and directories. Syntax: $ cp file1 file2 $ cp -f file1 file2 (to copy file forcefully) $ cp -r dir1 dir2 (to copy directory recursively) By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 6

7. Kernel Name other informtion uname – Use to show the kernel name and other information. Syntax: $ uname Options: $ uname -o (to show OS name). $ Uname -r (to show kernel version). $ Uname -v (to show kernel release). $ uname -n (to show hostname). By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 7

8. Echo Printing Command… echo – To print the string on the screen. – Also used to create file or Pr ints a tex t on th e standar d outpu t However in an int e ractive sc r ipt, me ssag e t o th e use r throug h term i nal . Syntax: $ echo string to print $ echo string to save > file-name $ echo string to append >> file-name Options: $ - By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 8

9. which • To locate the path of command or program or It is u s e d t o locat e exe c utable s i n th e s y ste m. It allows user to pass several command arguments to get their paths in the system. • Syntax which command which cp E x am p l e : w h ich ls By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 9

10. • cal • To display calendar. It is u s ed t o di s pla y cal e ndar of th e prese nt mo nt h or any oth e r mont h . • Syntax cal Ex a mpl e : 3 1991 • Options • cal -y (to show the complete calendar) • cal -m (calendar start from Monday) • cal -j (to show Julian calendar) • cal -3 (to show previous, current and next month calendar) By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 10

11. • wc • Print byte, word, and line counts. • Syntax wc file-name • Options • wc -c (to count characters of file) • wc -w (to count words of f By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 11

12. • who • Print information about users who are currently logged in • Syntax who • Options • who -H (out put with heading) • who -b (to show boot time) • who -r (to show current runlevel ) By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 12

13. whoami • Show current logged on user on terminal. • Syntax whoami more • To display the contents of a file from top to bottom. • Syntax more file- nam By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 13

14. Navigation Keys Enter key • Use to page down line by line Space key • Use to page down page by page By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 14

15. • man • A command use to view manual or help of linux commands. • Syntax man command man cp • q (press “q” key to exit from manual) • halt To shut down the system. • poweroff To shut down the system. • reboot To re-start the system. By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 15

16. • date • To display and change the date and time. • Syntax date • Options date -s “MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss ” date -s “DD month YYYY hh:mm:ss ” date -s “YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss ” date -s “YYYYMMDD hh:mm:ss ” • Date format date +%T or +%X (Time) date +%a or +%A (Day) date +%D or +%F or +%x (Date) date +%b or +%B or +%m (Month) date +%G (Year) By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 16

17. The End  By: Mam Sundas Ahmed 17