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1. Linux operating
system

2. CONTENTS:
1.History of Linux.
2.Features of Linux.
3.The Architecture of Linux
4.Distribution of Linux

3. HISTORY
•The roots of Linux can be traced back to the
late 1960s and early 1970s when the UNIX
operating system was developed at AT&T's
Bell Labs.
•UNIX became popular in academic and
commercial environments due to its portability,
multi-user capabilities, and powerful features.
·
1970s -
UNIX
Origins
•Richard Stallman launched the GNU (GNU's
Not Unix)Project to create a free and open-
source UNIX-like operating system.
•By the late 1980s, many of the essential
components of GNU,
· 1983
-GNU
Project
Initiated

4. •In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish computer science student, began working on
his own kernel, which he announced on the comp.os.minixnewsgroup.
•The first version, Linux 0.01, was released in September 1991. It was a basic
kernel that could handle basic tasks and run on Intel x86 architecture.
· 1991 -Linux
Kernel
Development
•The Linux kernel became freely available under the GNU General Public
License (GPL), allowing users to modify and distribute it.
•This led to rapid development as contributions poured in from developers
around the world.
· 1992 -Early
Releases and
Growth
HISTORY

5. FEATURES
1. Open
Source
Definition: Linux
is open-source,
meaning its
source code is
freely available
Benefits: This
promotes
community
collaboration,
innovation, and
transparency.
2. Flexibility
Definition: Linux
is highly flexible,
allowing users to
customize it in
various ways.
Benefits: Users
can choose from
numerous
distributions
(distros) designed
for different
purposes, such
as
3. Multi-User
Capability
Definition: Linux
is designed to
support multiple
users accessing
the system
simultaneously.
Benefits: Each
user can have
individual
accounts,
settings, and
permissions,
enhancing
security and
organization.

6. 4. Multitasking
Definition: Linux
supports
multitasking,
allowing multiple
processes to run at
the same time.
Benefits: Users can
execute multiple
applications without
performance
degradation, leading
to efficient use
5. Performance
and Reliability
Definition: Linux is
known for its high
performance and
reliability, even
under heavy
workloads.
Benefits: It can run
for extended periods
without needing a
reboot and is less
prone
6. Building
Block
Approach
Definition: Linux
follows a modular
design where
components can be
added, removed, or
replaced.
Benefits: This
approach allows
users to tailor their
Linux installation to
their specific needs..
FEATURES

7. 7. Flexible
Interface
Definition:
Linux offers
various user
interfaces,
including
graphical
(GUIs).
Benefits:
Users can
choose their
preferred
interface
based on their
skill level and
requirements
8. File
System
Support
Definition:
Linux supports
multiple file
systems,
including ext4,
XFS, Btrfs,
and others.
Benefits: This
versatility
allows users
to choose a
file system
that meets
their needs..
9.
Programming
Facility
Definition:
Linux provides
a rich
environment
for software
development,
with.
Benefits:
Developers
can use
languages
such as C,
C++, Python,
Java,
10. Online
Help
Definition:
Linux includes
extensive
documentation
and online
resources for
users.
Benefits: The
built-in man
(manual)
command
provides help
for most
commands
FEATURES

8. THE ARCHITECTURE OF LINUX

9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF LINUX
Hardware layer− Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/
CPU etc.).
Kernel− It is the core component of Operating System, interacts directly
with hardware, provides low level services to upper layer components.
Shell− It takes commands from the user and executes kernel's functions.
Utilities− Utility programs that provide the user most of the functionalities of
an operating systems.

10. DISTRIBUTION OF LINUX
❖For desk top personal
computer
I.fedora
II.ubuntu
III.linuxmint
❖For server
I.red hat, Debian,
II.OpenSUSE,
III.Slackware,
IV.cent os
❖virtual server
I.VM Ware,
II.XenServer