Liquid vehicle..........................

luquid vehicle used in homeopathy

1. CHAPTER 12
LIQUID VEHICLES

2. GLYCERINE
SYNONYM : 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glycerol;
Glyrol; Osmoglyn
CHEMICAL FORMULA : CH
2
OH . CHOH .
CH
2OH or C
3H
8O
3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 92.09

3. Preparation of Glycerin
•It prepare from SUGAR
•FROM SYNTHETIC PROCES ( PROPYLENE)
•AND FROM spent soap Lyes

4. From Sugar
When sugar are

fermented
That time 3% of Glycerol form with Alcohol

5. From synthetic process
Now a days USA & RUSIA
Manufacturing
large quantity of Glycerol

from
Propylene
During cracking
petroleum

6. Petroleum product
chlorinated

form Allyl chloride

convert into

Allyl Alcohol

treated with
Hydrochlorous Acid (Hocl)
when produce
“Chlorohydrins derivative”
extraction of
HCL with soda Lime.
Then
by Hydrolysis
to produce
GLYCERINE

7. From spent soap Lye's
fats & oils
are
Hydrolyzed with
NaOH Lye's
when
glycerol & sodium salt of fatty acids (soap)
salted out
remains
glycerin in solution
it called
form
SPENT LYE’S

8. CONTENTS OF SPENT LYE’S
•3-5% Glycerol
•Nacl
•Small amount of free Alkali
•Dissolved soap
•Protineous matter
•Inorganic salt
•Coloring matter

9. Glycerol Recovered by….
•Recovered by 5 steps
1.Allow to settle down
2.In treating tank
3.Preparation of crude glycerol from spent
lye’s.
4.Decolourization or purification by
distillation.
5.Contend water concentrated.

10. 1.Allow to settle down
Spent Lye’s
Allow for settled
In iron tank
Here
heavy impurities
Settle
down
&
Clear liquid at above

11. 2.In treating tank
Above clear liquid
Pumped out
In
Treating tank

It fitted with
Steam coils
Treated with Hcl
For neutralise
¾ alkali from Lye
Then treted with
Allum & ferric sulp.
To neutralise
Remaining alkali & convert sodium soap& free fatty acids in2 iron soap
Form gelatinous precipitate of Fe(OH)3
&
Insoluble Iron Soap.

12. Prepare crude glycerol
This gelatinous liquid
Allow for filtration
Through filter presses
Under
Pressure
So
Clear liquid obtained
Is concentrated
In vacuum pan
By evaporation separat
Common salt
From the bottom
80% Glycerol are obtained
Crude Glycerol

13. Decolourization or purification by
distillation
Decolourisation
Of
Crude Glycerol
With
Animal charcoal
Then
Purified by Distillation
With superheated steam
Under reduced pressure
At last
Distilled Glycerol obtained

14. Contend water concentrated.
But distilled Glycerol content Water
Allow for
Concentration
In
Vacuum pan
Till
Its Sp. Gr. Is 1.26
This is a
.
99.9% Glycerol

15. UTILITY
•For the preservation of poisonous animal
products and venom of snakes.
•For preparation of glyceroles and lotions.
•For preparation of mother tinctures of Apis
mellifica, Tarantula, etc.
•It is used as an application on superficial
ulcers of tongue and mouth.
•As an emollient to chapped lips and hands
and dry and rough skin.
•It may be used as a suppository in
constipation.

16. SOLVENT ETHER
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Diethyl ether
CHEMICAL FORMULA : (C
2H
5)
2O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 74.12
Most of the alkaloids, resins, balsams
And tannic acid are easily dissolved by
it. It dissolves bromine and iodine readily.
It dissolves corrosive sublimate very
quickly.

17. SYNONYM : A concentrated aqueous
solution of sucrose is called
syrup or simple syrup.
SOURCE : A solution of sucrose and water.

•.
SIMPLE SYRUP

18. Preparation
•In Flask take 450 ml purified H2O
heated to boiling
Sucrose add 550gm
heat & continues
stirs
Till whole sucrose dissolved
Filter purified cotton or filter
Above prepared solution
Rinse vessel with hot water
Till final solution measure 1000ml

19. UTILITY
•Mother tinctures are dispensed with
syrup as the combination masks the
peculiar odor and taste of the mother
tincture, making it convenient for
administration.
•It may also be used as placebo.

20. OLIVE OIL
SYNONYM : Oleum olivae
SOURCE : A fixed oil obtained
from ripe fruits of
Olea europea.

21. UTILITY
•It is used for preparing liniments and
plasters.
•It is used for smoothing effect on
superficial ulcers and burns.
•It is rubbed over skin of patients
suffering from rickets and marasmus.
•It may be mixed with poultices to
prevent their sticking to the skin.

22. ALMOND OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum amygdalae expressum
SOURCE : A fixed oil obtained from
kernels of seeds of Prunus
amygdalus.
•Externally, almond oil is a demulcent and
emollient and being a bland oil makes it a
good base for the preparation of liniment
in place of olive oil.
•It is a soothing agent for chapped hands,
excoriation and irritable skin diseases.

23. SESAME OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum sesami; Gingelly oil;
Benne oil; Teel oil
SOURCE : A fixed oil obtained from seeds
of Sesamum indicum.
•It may be used instead of olive oil in the
preparation of liniment.
•It is used in the preparation of hair oil.

24. CHAULMOOGRA OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum chaulmoograe
SOURCE : A fixed oil expressed from fresh
ripe seeds of Hydnocarpus
kurzii or Hydnocarpus wightiana.

•The fatty acids possess a specific toxicity for
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis and are hence effective in the
treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis,
especially in the early cases.

25. SANDALWOOD OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum santali
SOURCE : A volatile oil obtained from
dried heartwood of
Santalum album
•It is mixed with other oils and applied
externally.
•It is sometimes used as an ingredient in
soaps.

26. LAVENDER OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum lavendulae
SOURCE : A volatile oil obtained from
fresh flowering tops of
Lavendula officinalis
•It can be applied on superficial ulcers
without alcohol.
•It is used with alcohol for soothing effect
in headache.

27. ROSEMARY OIL
UTILITY
SYNONYM : Oleum rosmarini
SOURCE : A volatile oil prepared from
fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis
•It is a component of liniment.
•It is commonly used in the form of
hair oil.