Literary Criticism: Structuralist Approach

LIterary Criticism Structuralist Approach EL118

1. Week 6 EL118 STRUCTURALIST APPROACH LITERARY CRITICISM MHELLY RAMOS

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3. EL118: Literary Criticism TABLE OF CONTENTS WARM UP Motivation 01 INTRODUCTION 02 ASSESSMENT w/ examples 05 NOTABLE PERSON 03 A BOUT APPROACH 04 STRUCTURALIST 3

4. STRUCTURALIST 01 WARM UP MOTIVATION EL118: Literary Criticism 4

5. CRITICISM the act of making judgments; analysis of qualities and evaluation 5

6. GET ½ SHEET OF PAPER 6

7. SE CRI TIC SECRET IC 7

8. Warm up TELL ME SOMETHING NICE… WRITE YOUR NAME PASS THE PAPER TO YOUR RIGHT 3 SEC ONLY STAY ANONYMOUS Motivation 8

9. Warm up TELL ME SOMETHING BAD… WRITE YOUR NAME PASS THE PAPER TO YOUR RIGHT 3 SEC ONLY STAY ANONYMOUS Motivation 10

10. LET’S REFLECT 11

11. WHAT IS STRUCTURALIST 02 I NTRODUCTION

12. Structuralist criticism focuses on examining the underlying structures and systems that govern meaning and communication.

13. Structuralist criticism Focuses on the underlying structures and patterns within a literary work.

14. Structuralist criticism Emphasizes the interrelationships between elements. Analyzes binary oppositions to understand their influence on the narrative, themes, and characters.

15. Structuralist criticism Explores the use of symbols and metaphorical representations within the text. Identifies recurring character archetypes that represent universal patterns or roles. Based on the silhouette Can you tell the hero and the villain?

16. Structuralist criticism Analyzes the language, structure, grammar, and vocabulary used in the text. Pays attention to narrative frameworks, plot devices, settings, motifs, and patterns . What do they mean?

17. The goal of structuralist literary criticism is to uncover the hidden meanings , structural coherence , and cultural implications of a text by examining its underlying structures, interrelationships between elements, and symbolic representations. 18 Structuralist criticism

18. STRUCTURALIST 03 NOTABLE PERSON Ferdinand de Saussure L ITERARY CRITICISM 19

19. 20 What does an open hand mean?

20. 21 How about a cross inside a circle?

21. 22 What about this sign?

22. 23 Three cycling arrows

23. Semiology the study of signs : the study of signs. especially : semiotics. (Merriam-Webster) What we just demonstrated is called

24. In 1960’s Ferdinand de Saussre influenced his theory through examination of language as a system of signs (semiology)

25. Ferdinand de Saussure a Swiss linguist and semiotician Born in 1857 in Geneva, Switzerland. Known as the founder of modern linguistics and structural linguistics. kk

26. Ferdinand de Saussure Developed the concept of structuralism, which analyzes language as a system of signs and rules. Introduced the distinction between langue (the underlying structure of a language) and parole (actual instances of language use). kk

27. Ferdinand de Saussure Emphasized the role of signs and signifiers in understanding language and meaning. Contributed to the development of semiotics, the study of signs and symbols. kk

28. Ferdinand de Saussure His theories had a significant impact on fields beyond linguistics, including literary theory, anthropology, and philosophy. Considered one of the most important figures in 20th-century linguistics and structuralist thought. kk

29. LETS EXPAND Structuralist Approach 04

30. 6 KEY CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURALIST LITERARY CRITICISM INCLUDE: 31

31. Lets use ROMEO AND JULIET as an example

32. 1. Binary Oppositions: Structuralists analyze the presence of binary oppositions, to understand how these opposing forces shape the narrative, themes, and characters in a work. Ex. such as good/evil, male/female, nature/culture, etc. 33

33. 1. Binary Oppositions: love/hate (the passionate love between Romeo and Juliet and the ongoing feud between their families), fate/free will (the predetermined tragic outcome vs. the characters' choices). 34

34. 2. Narrative Structure Structuralists examine the organization and progression of a narrative. They analyze how these structural elements contribute to the overall meaning and impact of the work. Ex. focusing on elements such as exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution 35

35. 2. Narrative Structure The play follows a five-act structure exposition introduces the feud between the Montagues and Capulets and the initial encounter between Romeo and Juliet. The rising action develops as their love blossoms and faces challenges. The climax occurs with the deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt, the resolution, Romeo and Juliet tragically take their own lives. 36

36. 3. Symbolism Structuralists explore the use of symbols and metaphorical representations within a text. They interpret symbols as elements that convey deeper meaning and can be interconnected to create a network of signification. 37

37. 3. Symbolism The balcony scene symbolizes the forbidden and clandestine nature of Romeo and Juliet's love. 38

38. 4. Character Archetypes Structuralists identify recurring character types or archetypes that represent universal patterns or roles. The analysis of character archetypes helps to reveal broader cultural and symbolic significance. Ex. the hero, the villain, the trickster, the mentor, etc. 39

39. 4. Character Archetypes Romeo embodies the passionate and impulsive young lover Juliet represents the innocent and determined heroine. Friar Lawrence portrays the wise mentor who offers guidance 40

40. 5. Language and Textual Analysis Structuralists closely examine the language used in a text, analyzing its structure, grammar, and vocabulary. They explore linguistic devices to uncover hidden meanings and interpret the text within a broader cultural context. Ex. metaphors, repetitions, and allusions 41

41. 5. Language and Textual Analysis Shakespeare's use of poetic language, metaphors, and sonnets enhances the emotional intensity and lyrical beauty of the play. The dialogue between characters, such as Romeo and Juliet's famous declarations of love, contribute to the play's enduring popularity. 42

42. 5. Language and Textual Analysis 43 “Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers’ eyes; Being vex’d a sea nourish’d with lovers’ tears.”

43. 5. Language and Textual Analysis 44 BAKIT MALUNGKOT ANG BESHY KO? BEH ARAT TANAN!!

44. 6. Structural Elements Structuralist criticism pays attention to various structural elements, The analysis of these elements helps to understand how the text is organized and how meaning is conveyed. Ex. narrative frameworks, plot devices, settings, motifs, themes, cultural implications and patterns. 45

45. 6. Structural Elements explores themes of love, fate, feuds, and the consequences of impulsive actions. It examines the societal pressures that restrict personal choices and highlights the tragic consequences of unchecked hatred and division. 46

46. Monday, 2021 ASSESSMENT 05 JUPITER 47 Let’s use Cinderella

47. 48

48. GIVE OPPOSITES 1. Binary Oppositions MARS 49 Cinderella's oppressed state vs. the world of possibilities represented by the ball. Cinderella's kindness and goodness vs. the wickedness of her stepmother and stepsisters. The fairy godmother's magic and enchantment vs. the limitations of Cinderella's ordinary life.

49. EXPOSITION, RISING ACTION, CLIMAX, FALLING ACTION, RESOLUTION 2. Narrative Structure MARS 50 The climax occurs during the royal ball when Cinderella captures the attention of the prince. The falling action includes Cinderella's hasty retreat from the ball and the search for the owner of the glass slipper. The resolution arrives when Cinderella's true identity is revealed, leading to her marriage to the prince. The exposition introduces Cinderella's unfortunate circumstances and her desire for change. The rising action follows Cinderella's encounter with the fairy godmother and the transformation of her appearance.

50. GLASS SLIPPER FAIRY GODMOTHER PUMPKIN TURNED CARRIAGE 3. Symbolic Elements MARS 51 The glass slipper represents the idealized, unattainable beauty and the pursuit of true love. The fairy godmother symbolizes the presence of magic and the catalyst for Cinderella's transformation. The pumpkin-turned-carriage represents the transformative power of the supernatural in overcoming obstacles.

51. HERO VS VILLAIN 4. Character Archetypes: MARS 52 Cinderella embodies the archetypal figure of the oppressed and virtuous heroine, symbolizing perseverance and eventual triumph. The stepmother and stepsisters serve as the archetypal wicked figures, representing jealousy, cruelty, and societal pressures.

52. What Genre is it? 5. Language and Style MARS 53 The language in "Cinderella" often contrasts Cinderella's humble speech with the more refined and manipulative speech of the stepmother and stepsisters. The story employs a straightforward narrative style, emphasizing the cause-and-effect relationship of events.

53. What is the theme? What is the lesson? What does the story imply to the time? 6. Structural Elements MARS 54 "Cinderella" explores themes of transformation, perseverance, and the power of kindness and virtue. It reflects cultural values surrounding beauty standards, social hierarchies, and the belief in the possibility of a better future.

54. "Have courage and be kind" — Cinderella

55. THANKS! DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS? MHELLY RAMOS BSED 2A