LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDY FOR RESIDENCE DESIGN

contains standard data for residence design and case study on 5 buildings ( 3 international and 2 from Nepal)

1. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
PURWANCHAL CAMPUS
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
DHARAN, SUNSARI
DESIGN STUDIO III
PROJECT:RESIDENCE DESIGN
SUBMITTED BY:
BIBASH DAHAL(PUR076BAR05)
LAXMI UPADHYAY(PUR076BAR013)
RAKSHYA DHAKAL(PUR076BAR029)
RITIK CHAUDHARY(PUR076BAR031)
SAURAV KOIRALA(PUR076BAR048)
SEEMA GAUTAM(PUR076BAR038)
SUBMITTED TO:
KUBER SHRESTHA
MIMANG HANG KIRAT
SANJAYA MAHARJAN
SUMAN LIMBU

2. CONTENT
LITERATURE REVIEW
CASE STUDY
1.MATOGHAR
2.TADHE GHAR
3.FALLING WATER
4.BARDI HOUSE
5.AQUAGRID HOUSE
SITE ANALYSIS

3. RESIDENCE DESIGN
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W RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:
ARESIDENTIAL BUILDINGIS DEFINED AS THEBUILDINGWHICH PROVIDES MORE THAN HALF OF ITS FLOOR AREA FOR
DWELLING PURPOSES. IN OTHER WORDS,RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGPROVIDES SLEEPING ACCOMMODATION WITH OR
WITHOUT COOKING OR DINING OR BOTH FACILITIES.RESIDENCE GIVES SENSE OF SECURITY,RESPONSIBILITY AND ALSO
REFLECTS THE STATUS,CULTURE,ETHNICITY OF PEOPLE RESIDING ON IT.
INTRODUCTION
APARTMENTBUNGLOWVILLASINGLE FAMILY (DETACHED)
COTTAGE HOUSE
CONDOMINIUM
A RESIDENCE IS LIVING OR DWELLING IN CERTAIN PLACE
PERMANENTLY OR FOR A CONSIDERABLE LENGTH OF
TIME.A HOUSE IS A HOME, BUILDING OR STRUCTURE
THAT FUNCTIONS AS A HABITAT FOR HUMAN OR OTHER
CREATURES.
NO HOUSE SHOULD EVER BE ON A HILL OR ON ANYTHING. IT
SHOULD BE OF THE HILL. BELONGING TO IT. HILL AND HOUSE
SHOULD LIVE TOGETHER EACH THE HAPPIER FOR THE OTHER.
-FRANK LLYOD WRIGHT
THE HOME SHOULD BE THE TREASURE CHEST OF
LIVING.“
-LE CORBUSIER

4. HISTORY
AT FIRST HUMAN DWELLED AROUND CAVES AS IT WOULD GIVE THEM
PROTECTION AGAINST WILD ANIMALS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS. THEY
USED MANY BRANCHES OF TREES, STONES, AND OTHER AVAILABLE
MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONSTRUCTION.
2O,000 BC: PEOPLE LIVE IN A CAVE OR IN TENTS MADE OF MAMMOTH SKINS.
6,000 BC: PEOPLE STARTED MAKING HOUSE OF MUD BRICK.
1,500 BC: PEOPLE IN BRONZE AGE ENGLAND LIVE IN ROUND HUTS MADE OF
WATTLE WITH THATCHED ROOF.
400 BC: PEOPLE IN GREECE LIVE IN HOUSES OF BRICK AND PLASTERED WITH
TILED ROOF.
100 AD: RICH PEOPLE STARTED LIVING IN VILLAS WITH MOSAICS, MURALS
ON THEIR WALLS. THEY EVEN HAVE A FORM OF CENTRAL HEATING CALLED
HYPOCAST.
20,000 BC 6000 BC 400 BC 100 AD1500 BC
1540 AD 1,840 AD
RENAISSANCE HOUSES
MEDIVAL HOUSES
800 AD16 1200
AD
8,00 AD: SAXONS LIVE IN WOODEN
HUTS WITH NO PANES OF GLASS IN THE
WINDOWS.
1,200 AD: PEOPLE STARTED LIVING IN
STONE CASTLES. IN THE CASTLE MAIN
ROOMS ARE THE GREAT HALL AND THE
SOLAR WHICH IS USED BY THE LORD
AND HIS FAMILY.
1,540 AD: LIFE IS SAFER NOW. SO PEOPLE LIVE IN HOUSES DESIGNED FOR
COMFORT RATHER THAN DEFENCE.
1,630 AD: BRICK OR STONE HOUSES ARE BECOMING COMMON. THEY ARE
REPLACING WOODEN ONES.
1,840 AD: FURNITURE IS MUCH MORE ORNATE WITH INLAYING, AND LACQUERING.
FURNITURE FOR HIGHER CLASS PEOPLE IS BEAUTIFULLY DECORATED.
TERRA AMATA

5. SPACE
SPACE IS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN OF
ARCHITECTURE, AS SPACE IS CONTINUOUSLY
STUDIED FOR ITS USAGE. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS
ARE CREATED BY CARVING SPACE OUT OF SPACE,
CREATING SPACE OUT OF SPACE, AND DESIGNING
SPACES BY DIVIDING THIS SPACE USING VARIOUS
TOOLS, SUCH AS GEOMETRY, COLOURS, AND
SHAPES
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS
SPACE
PRIVATE SPACE
COMMON
SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
SPACE USED BY MORE THAN ONE
PEOPLE
●BALCONY
●LIVING ROOM
●DINING ROOM
●KITCHEN ROOM
●WASHROOMS
PLACE OPEN TO THOSE PERMITTED
BY LAWS AND CUSTOMS
●BEDROOM
●TOILET/BATHROOM
SPACE AROUND THE BUILDING
●STREETS
●TEMPLES
●GARDEN

6. LIVING ROOM
LIVING ROOM IS A ROOM IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING FOR
RELAXING AND SOCIALIZING.
PLACEMENT:NORTH EAST
STANDARD SIZE:14 ft x 16 ft TO 18 ft x 24 ft
LIGHT: UPTO 500 LUX
LIVING
ROOM
SHOULD BE ORIENTED
NEAR THE ENTRANCE
SHOULDN’T ALLOW THE VIEW OF
PRIVATE SPACES LIKE KITCHENS,
BATHROOMS.
LOCATION OF LIVING DOOR
SHOULD ALLOW DIRECT
ACCESS TO LIVING ROOM AS
WE ENTER THE RESIDENCE
ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS
FURNITURE SIZES (FT.)
SOFA 6’-0” TO 2’-6”
COFFEE
TABLE
3’-0” TO 2’-0”
BOOK CASE 5’-0” TO 1’-6”
LAMP TABLE 2’-0”(DIA.)
DESK 5’-0” TO 2’-6”
LAYOUT OF LIVING ROOM
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

7. BEDROOM
ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS
A BEDROOM CAN BE A PLACE TO SLEEP, STUDY, ENTERTAIN FRIENDS,
AND RELAX.
PLACEMENT: EAST FACING
STANDARD SIZES: 10 ft x 12 ft
MINIMUM AREA REQUIRED: 130 SQ.FT OR 12 SQ.M
LIGHT:FOR ADULT-100-300 LUX
FOR CHILD-500 LUX
FURNITURE SIZES(FT.)
DRESSER 1’-6” x 3’-6”
SINGLE BED 3’-0” x 6’-10”
TWIN BED 3’-3” x 6’-10”
DOUBLE BED 4’-6” x 6’-10’
CHAIR 2’-6” x 3’-0”
BED TABLE 1’-2” x 2’-0”
LAYOUT
CLEARANCE SPACE
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

8. KITCHEN-IT IS A ROOM FOR COOKING AND FOOD
PREPARATION
PLACEMENT:NORTH-EAST OR SOUTH-EAST
STANDARD SIZES: SMALL-70 SQ.FT OR LESS
MEDIUM-100-200 SQ.FT
LARGE-200 SQ.FT OR MORE
LIGHT :GENERAL-300 lux
COUNTERTOP-750 lux
MATERIALS:
CABINET-WOOD,LAMINATES,PVC,STAINLESS STEEL
COUNTERTOP-WOOD,CONCRETE,STAINLESS STEEL
SINK-STAINLESS STEEL,PLASTIC,BRASS,CERAMICS
KITCHEN ROOM:
WORK SEQUENCE IN KITCHENWORK TRIANGLE
ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

9. KITCHEN LAYOUT
DINING ROOM
DINING-IT IS A ROOM FOR CONSUMING
FOOD
PLACEMENT-EAST
SIZES:SMALE-11` BY 11`
MEDIUM-11` BY 14`
LARGE-11` BY 16`
ROUND TABLE 80-180
DIAMETER
RECTANGULAR
TABLE
4 PEOPLE
6 PEOPLE
75-120 BY 105-240
75 BY 95
100 BY 180
CHAIR 45-60 BY 45-60
SERVING
TABLE
75-105 BY 35-55
SIDE BOARD
OR BUFFET
120-195 BY 45-65
ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS
LAYOUT
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

10. WASHROOM IS ROOM FOR PERSONAL HYEGINE
GENERALLY CONTAINING BATHTUB/SHOWER,TOILET AND
WASHBASIN.
PLACEMENT:SOUTH-EAST,NORTH-WEST
STANDARD SIZES:
BATH AND WC (COMBINED ):MINIMUM 1800 MM
×2100 MM (4 FT ×7 FT) ·
BATHROOMS SEPARATE :MINIMUM 1200MM×1800
MM
TOILET (SEPARATE) :MIN 1200MM ×1200MM ·
MINIMUM DOOR SIZE=700MM
MINIMUM WINDOW HEIGHT=1.5 M
WASHROOM
ANTHROPOMETRIC
STANDARDS
LAYOUT

11. LAUNDRY/UTILITY ROOM
LAUNDRY ROOM(UTILITY ROOM) IS A ROOM WHERE CLOTHES ARE
WASHED AND DRIED
PLACEMENT:NORTH WEST
STANDARD SIZE:35 SQ FEET
DOOR WIDTH-32 INCH
TYPES: SINGLE SIDED DOMESTIC
L SHAPE
DOMESTIC SIDED DOMESTIC
U SHAPE
EQUIPMENT:WASHING MACHINE AND DRYER(600*600
MM),LAUNDRY TRAY,IRONING
BOARD,STANDING OR HANGING BAR
ANTHROPOMETRIC
STANDARDS
LAYOUT

12. IT IS A ROOM IN WHICH TEMPORARILY OR PERMANENTLY THINGS
ARE TO BE STORED
PLACEMENT:NORTH OR NORTH-WEST
STANDARD SIZES:SMALL:6×6 FT,MEDIUM 8×10 FT
LARGE ONE 12×14 FT.
DIMENSION FOR EQUIPMENT:
HAT AND COAT RACK:180 WIDTH, HEIGHT 1800
PRAMS: 700×1400
BICYCLES STORAGE: 1800 MIN ×950 MIN
STORAGE
ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARDS:
LAYOUT
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

13. STUDY ROOM-IT IS A ROOM FOR
STUDY PURPOSE
ORIENTATION-EAST OR WEST
SIZES:MINIMUM-10` BY 10`
AVERAGE-12` BY 12`
MAXIMUM-14` BY 16`
STUDY ROOM
GUEST ROOM-IT IS A ROOM FOR GUESTS
ORIENTATION-NORTH WEST
SIZES: MINIMUM-10` BY 10`
AVERAGE-11` BY 10`
MAXIMUM-12` BY 10`
GUEST ROOM
LAYOUT LAYOUT
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

14. A CARPORT IS A COVERED
STRUCTURE USED TO OFFER
LIMITED PROTECTION TO
VEHICLES, PRIMARILY CARS,
FROM RAIN AND SNOW
CARPORT
BALCONY
CORNER AND OPEN WITH
SCREEN
INSET AND
OFFSET
BALCONY WITH
SIGHT,SCREEN AND
STORAGE
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

15. GARDEN
1OO CM
2
LANDING SERVING THREE
LARGE ROOMS AT THE END OF
STAIRWAY,NO CONTINUATION
300 CM
2
LANDING SERVING FOUR
LARGE ROOMS, A SMALL ONE
(BATHROOM) AND A CLOSET
700 CM
2
LANDING SERVING SIX
LARGE ROOMS AND ONE SMALL
ONE
LANDING SPACE
RESIDENCE PROGRAMS

16. STANDARD DIMENSION OF WINDOW:
WIDTH-101.6 CM -320 CM, HEIGHT-91.44 CM -198.12 CM
SPECIAL CASE OF VIEW WINDOW
WINDOW
STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF DOOR:
HEIGHT WIDTH
213.3 CM 91.44 CM
243.8 CM 106.68 CM
304.8 CM 100 CM
MATERIALS
WOOD,FIBERGLAS,ALUMINIUM
DOORS
VENTILATIONS
MATERIALS:
●WOODEN: GOOD THERMAL PERFORMANCE, AESTHETIC, COSTLY
●GLASS:PROVIDE ENOUGH DAYLIGHT EVEN IF CLOSED
●METAL:GENERALLY STEEL, ALUMINIUM, LESS COSTLY,
●UPVC:MORE DURABLE, PROTECTION FROM NOISE
COMPONENTS

17. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATIONMOVEMENT WITHIN A FLOOR TO VARIOUS SPACES.
●CORRIDOR WITH DOORS OPENING INTO ROOMS
●DOOR ON ONE SIDE FOR
TWO PEOPLE TO PASS
●UNHINDERED
WIDTH:130CM-140 CM
●DOORS ON BOTH SIDE
WITH LARGE TRAFFIC TO
ALLOW TWO-THREE
PERSON
●WIDTH:160 CM
●OFFSET DOOR ON BOTH
SIDE
●WIDTH:220 CM
●WHERE A LONG CORRIDOR IS NECESSARY, WIDTH IS ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO ITS POSITION AND THE POSITION OF DOORS.
●DOORS ON ONE SIDE AND
LOW LEVEL OF TRAFFIC
●MINIMUM WIDTH:90 CM-
100 CM
BUBBLE DIAGRAM OF CIRCULATION IN VARIOUS
PROGRAM OF RESIDENCE
CIRCULATION

18. VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STAIRCASE ARE MODE OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION IN ANY
BUILDING.
THE PURPOSE IS TO PERMIT PASSAGE FROM FLOOR TO
FLOOR.
MINIMUM PROVISION:
RISER:15.24 CM
TREAD:25 CM
WIDTH:60 CM
CIRCULATION
NORMAL HUMAN OCCUPANCY FOR CIRCULATION IN VARIOUS
SPACES:
●MOVEMENT FROM KITCHEN TO LIVING ROOM.
●MOVEMENT IN PASSAGE WITH VARIOUS NUMBER OF PEOPLE
●MOVEMENT BEHIND ANY CHAIR
●MOVEMENT AROUND ROUND TABLE
●MOVEMENT FOR SERVING FOOD

19. VARYING THE WIDTH OF STAIRCASE WITH: VARYING NO OF MEMBER
STOREY OF THE BUILDING
●IF TREAD IS LESS THAN 25 CM ,STAIR MUST BE UNDER CUT BY
3CM.
TYPES MINIMUM AREA
CONTINUOUS 500CM
2
QUARTER TURN 540CM
2
DOG LEGGED 560CM
2
BIFURCATED 600CM
2
SPIRAL 490CM
2
AREA LIMITATION DETERMINES THE TYPE OF STAIRCASE.
IN UPTO TWO STORY
>90 CM
WITH MORE THAN TWO STORY
>100 CM
LARGER FLIGHT WIDTH FOR BUILDING WITH MORE
PEOPLE
REGULARITY IN RAISER

20. ORIENTATION OF EACH INTERNAL SPACE/PROGRAM IN
RESPONSE TO NATURE IS ORIENTATION OF BUILDING.
1.CLIMATE
2.GEOGRAPHY(FLAT AND CONTOUR LAND
3.ROAD ACCESS TO SITE
4.SITE PROPORTION
FACTORS DEFINING ORIENTATION
BUILDING ORIENTATION:
●LITTLE SUN
●COLD WINTER WIND
●EVEN LIGHT
●LOWER INSECT PROBLEMS
●INTENSE MORNING SUN
●WARM IN SUMMER
●FASTEST TO COOL IN
WINTER
●MIDDAY SUN IN
SUMMER
●STRONG SUN IN WINTER
●INTENSE
AFTERNOON
SUN
ORIENTATION

21. DAYLIGHTING DESCRIBES THE CONTROL USE
OF NATURAL LIGHT IN AND AROUND
BUILDING.IT IS THE PRACTICE OF PLACING
WINDOWS,TRANSPARENT MEDIA AND
REFLECTIVE SURFACES SO THAT NATURAL
LIGHT PROVIDES EFFECTIVE INTERNAL
ILLUMINATION DURING THE DAY.
STRATEGIESFOR DAYLIGHTING:
SKYLIGHT
●BUILDING SHOULD BE WELL
ORIENTED.
●SLOPE CEILINGS
●LIGHT COLOUR WALL
●WINDOWS
●SKYLIGHT
●SOLAR TUBES
●CLERESTORIES
●LIGHT SHELVES
WINDOWS
CLERESTORIES LIGHT SHELVES
DAY LIGHTING

22. ●SHADOWS AND COOLING DUE TO VEGETATION (TREES, SHRUBBERY,)
●SUN OR ANTI-GLARE PROTECTION (B = 35°) INSTALLED, EXTENT
APPROX.
900MM
●ADEQUATE WINDOW SIZE (WITH INSULATING GLASS)
●FACADE IN BRIGHT REFLECTING MATERIALS
●LIGHT OR MEDIUM COLOUR FLOOR COVERING.
●CONSIDERATION OF HOUSE PLANTS
●CROSS VENTILATIONS
●STACKED WINDOW
●LOW WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIO(S/E)
●EARTH TEMPERED DUCTS
●NOCTURNAL COOLING
●BUILDING ORIENTED USUALLY IN SOUTH AND WEST
●BUFFER SPACES AND DOUBLE FACADE
●MIXED-MODE HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION
●LOW WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIO(N/E)
●HIGH WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIO (S/W)
●MINIMIZED INFILTRATION
●OPERABLE-EXTERNAL SHADINGS
●THERMAL MASS
●HIGH PERFOMANCE WINDOWS (CLEAR,LOW-E)
DAY LIGHTING
PASSIVE HEATING STRATEGIES
PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGIES

23. TERAI REGION
ALTITUDE: 300 METERS APPROX
CLIMATE: HOT AND HUMID (RISE ABOVE 45 C) , RAINFALL: 1600-1800 IN WEST AND
2500-3000 IN EAST.
•ORIENTATION : EXPOSED TOWARD NE, NW AND MINIMUM EXPOSED TOWARD SW, S
•SLOPPED(30), ELONGATED EAVES(OVERHANG ROOF), SHADED PORCHES, PERGOLA-
SITTING AREAS,SEMI-COVERED SIT-OUTS, WRAP-AROUND SEMI-COVERED
VERANDAHS/BALCONIES.
•INTEGRATE VEGETATION AS GARDEN, ROOF GARDEN, PLANTER IS DESIRABLE IN
BUILDING TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN, SHADED COURTYARD USUALLY AT CENTRE.
•CROSS VENTILATIONS FOR AIR CIRCULATIONS
•OPENINGS: APPROPRIATE SIZE WITH APPROPRIATE SHADING DEVICE.
•CORRIDOR SYSTEM
•LIGHT COLORS AND SMOOTH TEXTURE FOR EXTERIOR WALL
•EARTH , THATCH ROOF, BAMBOO, WOOD AS LOCAL BUILDING MATERIAL.
•POND NEAR BUILDING TO GET COOL AIR PASSED IN HOT SUMMER.
HILL REGION
ALTITUDE: 1,000 AND 4,000 METERS
CLIMATE: MODERATE (SUMMER 20°C –35°C AND 2°C –12°C WINTER),
RAINFALL: 1600 TO 3345 MM
•ORIENTED ALONG S,SW,SE
•VERANDAH, COURTYARD, BALCONIES ALONG S,SW,SE
•SLOPED ROOF TO DRAIN OUT RAIN, ELONGATED EAVES.
•STEPPED HOUSING IN HILL
•OPENING: FACED SOUTH AND EAST USUALLY OF MEDIUM SIZE WITH
APPROPRIATE SHADING
•COMPACT PLANNING OF ROOM AND DETACHED KITCHEN AND
BATHROOMS.
•DAMPNESS OCCUR MORE ,USUALLY TWO STOREY
•BUILDING ON SOUTHERN SLOPE WITH SOUTH FACED COURTYARD.
CLIMATE

24. CLIMATE COLD TEMPERATE HOT AND HUMID HOT AND AIRED
DESIGN
CLIMATE
MOUNTAIN REGION
ALTITUDE: 4,800 METRES TO 8,839 METRES
CLIMATE: COLD CLIMATE(LOWER THAN HUMAN BODY FREEZING POINT CAN BE FELT)
RAINFALL: ANNUAL RAINFALL
OF 55 INCHES, SNOWFALL CAN BE OBSERVED
•ORIENTATION ALONG S,SE,SW
•SLOPED ROOF (45) DO DRAIN OUT SNOW
•MINIMUM OPENING AS FAR AS POSSIBLE
•WINDOWS LARGE SIZED UNSHADED BUT AIR TIGHT IN E,W,S AND SMALL IN N
•STONE AS MAIN MATERIAL
•BUFFER SPACE AIR LOCK LOBBIES
•LOW CEILING HEIGHT, COMPACT PLANNING
•THICKER WALLS, TREE USED AS WIND BARRIERS.

25. WE HAVE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AIR, WATER, SOIL EVERYTHING IN DEGRADABLE
QUALITY IN ORDER TO MAKE THE NATURE SUSTAIN SUSTAINABILITY IS
REQUIRED.ARCHITECTURE SUSTAINABILITY CAN BE ONE OF THE STEP TOWARD
HELPING NATURE SUSTAIN LONG.ECO-FRIENDLY,GREEN BUILDINGS,CLIMATE
RESPONSIVE RESIDENCE CAME INTO EXISTENCE AFTER THE CONCEPT OF
SUSTAINABILITY.
PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE DWELLINGS::
●THE PATH OF LESS NEGATIVE IMPACT
●SELF SUSTAINING PROCESS.
●SUPPORTING RELATIONSHIP
●A LIFE-CYCLE SUPPORT
●PROPER MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES.
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE RESIDENCE PRACTICES:
●RAMMED EARTH HOUSE
●ZERO CARBON HOUSE
●PASSIVE SOLAR HOUSE
●STRAW BALE HOUSE
SUSTAINABILITY

26. TYPES OF FAMILY
NUCLEAR FAMILY
➢LESS NO OF MEMBERS.
➢LESS SPACE REQUIRED AND
PLANNED ACCORDINGLY
JOINT FAMILY
➢MORE NO OF MEMBERS.
➢MORE SPACE REQUIRED AND
PLANNED ACCORDINGLY
➢LARGE COMMON SPACES
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND RELIGION FACTOR
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND RELIGION FACTOR
GREATLY INFLUENCES RESIDENCE.
HOUSE ARE PLANNED ACCORDING TO
RELIGION,CULTURE,TRADITION OF
PEOPLE RESIDING THERE AND SOCIETY
ALREADY EXISTING.EX: NEWARI
HOUSE,THARU HOUSE ETC
PROFESSION AND BUILDING
PROFESSION AND BUILDING ARE CLOSELY
RELATED TO EACH OTHER. PLANNERS PLANS A
RESIDENCE CONSIDERING USERS PROFESSION
AND CREATES SPACE SUPPORTING THE OWNER
PROFESSION.FOR EXAMPLE MINI STUDIO FOR
ARCHITECT, SPECIAL ROOMS FOR
ARTIST,MUSICIANS,DANCERS ETC.

27. BUILDING SERVICES ARE THE SYSTEM INSTALLED IN A
BUILDING TO MAKE THEM
COMFORTABLE,EFFICIENT,FUNCTIONAL AND SAFE.
BUILDING SERVICES INCLUDE:
•BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
•ESCALATORS AND LIFTS
•FIRE SAFETY DETECTION AND PROTECTION
•HEATING,VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING(HVAC)
•ENERGY SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
•INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
•SECURITY AND ALARM
•LIGHTING
•WATER,DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING
BUILDING MATERIALS
IT IS A MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION.BUILDING MATERIALS
DEPENDS ON ECONOMICAL,GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS.SO A PER
LOCALLY AVAILABLE ON SITE CONTEXT IT US USED. A LOT
MATERIAL CAN BE FOUND THESE DAYS LIKE
BRICK,STONE,WOOD,GLASS ETC.
BUILDING
SERVICES
THESE LAWS ARE A SET OF RULES AND
REGULATIONS DRAWN UP BY THE GOVERNMENT OF
EVERY COUNTRY, TO ASSURE A SYSTEMATIC AND
DISCIPLINED GROWTH OF THE TOWN.
BUILDING BYE LAWS

28. MATOGHAR
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION-
BUDHANILKANTHA,KATHMAN
DU,NEPAL
BUILT UP AREA-2500 SQ.FT
ORIENTATION-ALONG EAST
WEST DIRECTION AT 10°
INCLINATION TO AXIS
BUILDING TYPE-RESIDENCE
CONSTRUCTED -2012
ARCHITECT-PRABAL THAPA
OBJECTIVE-
TO SEE HOW TRADITIONAL
MATERIALS BLEND WITH
CONTEMPORARY TECHNIQUES
TO STUDY SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
CONCEPT-
THE CONCEPT WAS TO MOULD THE
TRADITIONAL MATERIALS WITH
CONTEMPORARY TECHNIQUES TO
ACHIEVE MODERN,CLIMATE
RESPONSIVE AND EARTHQUAKE
RESILIENT DESIGN WITH A HOLISTIC
APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY
CASE STUDY

29. CLIMATIC CONDITION AND BUILDING
PERFORMANCE -
THE CLIMATE HERE IS MILD AND
GENERALLY WARM AND TEMPERATE
• JANUARY 2013(WINTER) -EARLY MORNING :
OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: BELOW 0°C
INSIDE TEMPERATURE: 18 °CM
• MAY 2013 (SUMMER)-MID AFTERNOON :
OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: ABOVE 30°C
INSIDE TEMPERATURE: 23 °C

30. SPACE ORGANIZATION -
ENTRANCE CORRIDOR
KITCHEN
TERRACELIVING/DINING

31. BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES -
●THE MAJOR BUILDING MATERIALS USED ARE RAMMED
EARTH,SUN DRIED BRICK, STONE,
BAMBOO, STYROFOAM, GLASS WOOL, LINSEED OIL.
●STONE FOUNDATION IS LAID ABOVE WHICH CONCRETE
BEAM IS CAST FOR DAMP -PROOFING.
●18 "THICK RAMMED EARTH WALL.
●INSULATION AND VENTILATION IN ROOF.
●COB FLOORING FINISHES WITH FLOOR INSULATION.
●DOUBLE GLAZED UPVC DOORS AND WINDOWS.
●PRECAST SLABS ON SILL (REAR WALLS) AND LINTELS FOR
STRUCTURAL STABILITY.

32. INFERENCES-
●USE OF RAMMED EARTH TO
CREATE CLIMATE RESPONSIVE
AND ECO FRIENDLY
ENVIRONMENT.
●NATURAL CROSS VENTILATION
CREATING A COOL ENVIRONMENT.
●NATURAL SWIMMING POOL HAVING
ITS OWN COOL MICROCLIMATE
GIVE A WILD NATURE TO THE
PREMISES.
●USE OF GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
TO MINIMIZE AND RECYCLE
WASTE, CONSERVE ENERGY, AND
BECOME SELF-RELIANT.
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
●USE OF PASSIVE SOLAR
STRATEGIES
●RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND
GROUND WATER RECHARGE
●EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT DESIGN
●OFF THE GRID RESIDENCE SOLAR
CELLS FOR ELECTRICITY AND
SOLAR WATER HEATING.
●PERMACULTURE.
●WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
AND RECYCLING.
●COST EFFICIENT AND
MAINTENANCE COST
IS LOW.

33. TADDE GHAR
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION: JHUMKA, SUNSARI
AREA: 1254 FT.SQ
CONSTRUCTED YEAR: 2048 B.S.
OBJECTIVE
TO ACCOMODATE FAMILY
MEMBERS WITH THE
AGRICULTURAL STORAGE IN
THE GROUND FLOOR AND
COW SHADE IN THE BACK
OF THE HOUSE.
CLIMATIC CONDITION
AVERAGE MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE: 41°C
AVERAGE MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE: 28°C
SITE PLAN
1.BUILDING
2. COW SHADE
3. TOILET AND
BATHROOM
4. DUNG MIXING
TANK
5. GAS OPENER
6. OUTLET TANK
7. AGRICULTURAL
FIELD
8. ENTRANCE
CASE STUDY

34. CONCEPT
●USING LOCAL MATERIAL
●OPEN AREA AROUND THE HOUSE WITH
THE FARMLAND AND COW SHED
●AGRICULTURE STORE FOR COW
●HUMAN VEGETABLE GARDEN AROUND
THE HOUSE
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECTION

35. ELEVATIONS
EAST ELEVATION
WEST
ELEVATION
NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION

36. SPACE ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
CIRCULATION
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
CEILING (BUIGAL)
Ceiling Beam
Ceiling rafter
Ceiling board

37. BUILDING MATERIALS
WALL OF TADDE GHAR
WALL OF THE HOUSE IS MADE WITH
TIMBER WOODS. TO MAKE WALL
DURABLE AND STRONG, HOLES ARE
MADE IN WOOD AND BAMBOO STICK
IS INSERTED AND PLASTERED.
THIS BUILDING IS MADE WITH THE
MATERIALS LIKE:
SAL WOOD: IT IS IMPORTANT SOURCES
OF HARDWOOD TIMBER AND USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES INCLUDING
BEAMS, PILES, RAFTERS, FRAMES FOR
DOORS AND WINDOWS AND SO ON.
BRICKS:IN GROUND FLOOR BRICK
MORTAR WALL IS MADE. BRICK
PILLAR ARE ALSO MADE TO MAKE
STRUCTURE STRONGER.
CGI SHEET: ROOFS ARE MADE WITH THE
USE OF TIN. METAL ROOFS CAN LAST
UPTO 100 YEARS.IT IS USEFUL FOR OLD
BUILDINGS.

38. SOCIO-CULTURE ASPECTS
●THE HOUSE WHICH CONSTIES MANY
STORES HAS BEEN BUILT FOR
STORAGE OF GRAINS WHICH
FORMED THE BACKBONE OF THE
AGRARIAN FAMILY
●GROUND ARE MADE LARGER TO DRY
GRAINS. (BISKUN SUKAUNA)
SUSTAINABILITY
●LOCAL MATERIAL USED
●LOCAL MATERIAL ARE ECONOMIC
●WOOD ARE ECO FRIENDLY COMPARE
TO OTHER BUILDING MATERIAL
●THRASH MIXED WITH SOIL AND
BINDED WITH BAMBOO FOR WALL
●LOW MAINTENANCE COST DUE TO
BRICK WALL AT GROUND FLOOR
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
●AGRICULTURE FIELD FIELD AND
TREE AROUND HOUSE
●MONSOON AND DIFFERENT
OTHER SEASON
●HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATIC
CONDITION
●SUB URBAN AREA FEW HOUSE
SERVICES
●DRINKING WATER SERVICES
●ELECTRICITY SERVICES
●ROAD SERVICES
●DRAINAGE SERVICES
●TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
INFERENCE
●USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL
●RESPONSE TO CLIMATIC
CONDITION

39. FALLING WATER
CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION :MILL RUN,PENNSYLVANIA,USA
AREA : 5330FT²
BUILT AREA :2885FT²
CONSTRUCTED :COMPLETED IN 1936 -1939
BUILDING TYPE :RESIDENCE HOUSE
ARCHITECT :FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
STYLE : MODERN ARCHITECTURE
OBJECTIVE
IT WAS INTEND TO REDEFINE THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN,
ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE.
CONCEPT
●ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
-IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIP TO THE GLEN, THE
TREES, THE FOLIAGE AND WILD FLOWERS
-THE GLORY OF THE NATURAL
SURROUNDING IS BROUGHT IN AS PART OF
THE DAILY LIFE
-SEAMLESSLY INTEGRATED WITH ITS NATURAL SETTING,
-SPACES ARE DESIGNED TO BRING
NATURE INTO THE FOUR WALLS
-HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL LINES ARE DISTINCTIVE
FEATURES OF THE BUILDING

40. SECOND FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
KITCHEN
STAFF
ROOM
LIVING
DINING
PLUNGE
POOL
TERRACE
TERRACE
DRESSING
GUEST
ROOM
BRIDGE
BRI
DGE

41. COMPOSITION OUT OF
PLANES AND SCREENS
ELIMINATES THE SENSE
OF BEING LOCKED UP IN
A ROOM
HORIZONTAL PLANES
CONNECTS THE ROCKY
HILLSIDE WITH THE
RIVER CONNECTING
THE BUILDING WITH ITS
SURROUNDING
STRUCTURE LIFT OUT OF
RIVER BED CREATING
VISUAL CONNECTION
WITH ENVIRONMENT
USE OF MATERIALS
FROM THE
SURROUNDING
SHOWING THE
IDENTITY OF SITE

42. GLASS
SCREWED
HORIZONTALLY
ALL AROUND AS
SUNLIGHT
MAINLY
REACHES FROM
ABOVE
WATERFALL
BECOMES AN
IMPORTANT PART
OF BUILDING
WHICH IS IN
ACCORDANCE
WITH THE SENSE
OF PLACE
VERTICAL
GLASS WALL
VISUALLY
CONNECTS
WITH THE
EXTERIOR
ENVIRONMENT

43. SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY IT IS HARD, WRITING ABOUT FRANK
LLOYD WRIGHT'S FALLINGWATER ON A WEBSITE
DEVOTED TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND LIVING. IT IS
POSSIBLY ONE OF THE MOST UNSUSTAINABLE
BUILDINGS EVER CONSTRUCTED, NEEDING
CONSTANT UPKEEP IN THE FIGHT AGAINST
MOISTURE. IT IS A CONSTANT CHALLENGE AND
EXPENSE FOR THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
CONSERVANCY WHO TAKE CARE OF IT TODAY. YET IT
IS ALSO ALMOST A DEFINITION OF GREEN DESIGN

44. SPACE ORGANIZATION
BUILDING MATERIALS
●STONE
●WOOD
●STEEL
●CONCRETE
●GLASS
INFERENCE
•CREATES VISUAL CONNECTION BETWEEN
PEOPLE AND NATURE
•DISTINCTIVE USE OF VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL PLANES THAT MOULD THE
SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE
•USE OF ORGANIC MATERIAL RESEMBLING THE
SITE CONTEXT
• PARAPET WITH EAVES AND NETWORK -LIKE
WINDOWS TO ENHANCE HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL UNIFORMITIES
• PLACING THE HOUSE ON THE ROCK, AT LEAST
INTERFERING WITH THE NATURAL
ARCHITECTURE
• PROPER USE OF SPACES
• CONSTANT DISPLAY OF MATERIALS FROM
INSIDE TO OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING

45. INTRODUCTION
LOCATION :MORUMBI, SAO PAULO,BRAZIL
AREA :7000FT
2
PROJECT YEAR :1920
ARCHITECT :LINA BO BARDI
OBJECTIVE
SELF SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR
GATHERING PLACE FOR ARTIST AND
RESIDENCE WITH MODERNISM
APPROACH.BUILDING A SPACE MERGED
IN NATURE AND VEGETATION.
BEGINING OF APPROACH OF URBAN
RENEWAL.
CONCEPT
DOMESTICATION OF RAIN FOREST CONCEALING IT
FROM VIEW. CONSTRUCTION OF MODERNISM
MERGED STRUCTURE
BARDI HOUSE/GLASS HOUSE
CASE STUDY

46. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
1.ENTRANCE
2.LIBRARY
3.LIVING ROOM
4.ATRIUM
5.FIRE PLACE
6.DINING ROOM
7.BEDROOM
8.CLOTH CLOSET
9.KITCHEN
10.SERVANT’S
BEDROOM
11.SERVANT’S LIVING
ROOM
12.WARDROBE
13.VERANDAH
14.PATIO
15.STORAGE
EAST ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
NORTH ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION

47. SPACE ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING
●LIVING ROOM, LIBRARY
●IN CONTACT WITH EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
●ISOLATED FROM PRIVATE AREA
●PROVIDED IN FRONT FACADE
PUBLIC AREA PRIVATE AREA
●BEDROOM, KITCHEN
●IN CONTACT WITH NARROW COURTYARD
●PROVIDED IN BACK FACADE OF THE BUILDING
PROVIDED RED ZONE IS ASSIGNED FOR PRIVATE SPACE
KITCHEN
CIRCULATION
STAIRCASE
●METAL STAIR
●DOUBLE FLIGHT
CORRIDOR
●ONE SPACE TO
ANOTHER SPACE
LIVING ROOM
LIBRARY
KITCHEN

48. MATERIALS
SUSTAINABILITY
●SELF SUFFICIENT WITH DAYLIGHT WITH WIDE
WINDOWS OF FACADE.
●SPECIAL BUFFER ZONE WITH PROVISION OF INTERNAL
COURTYARD
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
●REMOTE AND ENCLOSED IN GREENARY.
●TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AREA IS MAINTAINED AND
BUILT IN SLIM PILOTIS.
●BLENDED COLUMN WITH UNDERPASS VEGETATION.
●PROVISION OF INTERNAL COURTYARD
●SHIVERING COLD DUE TO OVER EXPOSURE
CONCRETE: SLAB
METAL:COLUMN, STAIRCASE
GLASS:WINDOW
INFERENCE
●ISOLATED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE FOR EASY EXCESS
●VOIDS IN THE FORM OF COURTYARD FOR ENOUGH AIR CIRCULATION
●VISUAL INTACT WITH PROVISION OF LARGER
WINDOWS/FENESTRATION

49. INTRODUCTION
LOCATION :PUNE, INDIA
AREA :4500 FT²
CONSTRUCTED :2020
BUILDING TYPE :RESIDENCE HOUSE
ARCHITECTS :MINDSCAPE
DESIGN TEAM :SANJAY MOHE
YATINDRA PATIL,
MIRA
OBJECTIVE
THE SITE OF HOUSE IS ABUTTED BY
TWO ROADS LINED WITH BANYAN
TREE AND HAD EXISTING ART -DECO
HOUSE,SET-AMIDST LARGE TREES...
THE PROGRAM WAS TO DEMOLISH
THE OLD HOUSE AND CONSTRUCT A
NEW ONE. THE IDEA WAS TO
PRESERVE MOST OF THE TREES AND
INTEGRATE THE NATURE AND BUILT
ENVIRONMENT EFFORTLESSLY. AND
CREATE A CLIMATE RESPONSIVE AND
ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING.
AQUA GRID HOUSE
CASE STUDY
ENTRANCE COURT
THE CONCEPT WAS
TO CREATE UNIQUE
ATMOSPHERIC
QUALITY BY
COMBINATION OF
BUILT AND OPEN
SPACES UNDER
THE CANOPY OF
TREES.AND MAKE
PEOPLE RESIDING
THERE CONSCIOUS
ABOUT SENSES
AND ALSO GIVE
REMINISCENT OF
TEMPLE TANKS.
CONCEPT

50. GROUND FLOOR PLAN
CASE STUDY
VISUAL CONNECTION FROM
EVERY ROOMS AND
TERRACE ATTACHED TO IT
WHICH FEELS LIKE SITTING
UNDER TREE CANOPY AND
GIVES VIBE OF TREE HOUSE.
USE OF TEXTURED STONE
FROM MADURAI AND
CHISELED GRAPHITE THAT
INVITES PEOPLE TO
TOUCH THE WALL
WATER CASKATING OUT
THAT BRINGS SOFT SOUND
EFFECT PEOPLE SITTING
AROUND IT AND HELPS TO
ENHANCE MOOD
1ST FLOOR PLAN

51. CLIMATIC CONDITION
CASE STUDY
AVG. MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE 28.6 C
AVG MINIMUM TEMPERATURE :21.7 C
MAXIMUM PERCEPTION ;1200MM
CREATION OF TEMPLE
TANKS WHERE PEOPLE
CAN SIT AND CAN GET
RELIGIOUS VIBES
RAMPS FOR
PHYSICALLY DISABLED
SOCIO-CULTURAL REVIEW
ALLOCATION OF PUJA ROOM,SYMBOLS AND
INSCRIPTION ON STONES OF WALL AND
SCULPTURE IN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
RESEMBLING RELIGION.
SYMBOL RESEMBLING GODDESS LAXMI SCULPTURES
BEDROOM LIVING ROOM DINNING SIT-OUT GYMNASIUM

52. MATERIALS AND FORM
➢STONE
➢GRANITE STONE
➢WOOD
THE HOUSE IS COMPOSED OF SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR FORMS AND USE OF INTERSECTED
PLANES,T-PLANES CAN BE SEEN
DAYLIGHTING
SKY LIGHT HAS BEEN
INTRODUCED IN
CENTRAL COURTYARD
USING GLASS AND
WOODEN MATERIAL
FOR DIFFUSE OF
LIGHT TO MAINTAIN
THE INNER
TEMPERATURE AND
VOIDS ARE PRESENT
OF ADEQUATE SIZE IN
ROOMS.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
➢THE HOUSE IS TOTALLY
FUSED WITH WATER
BODY AND EXISTING
TREES.
➢POWER IS BEEN
GENERATED BY PV
PANELS
➢ORIGINAL LAND FORM
AND LEVELS HAS BEEN
MAINTAINED.
WOOD
MATERIA
L
GLASS
MATERIA
L
LOUVER
CASE STUDY

53. CASE STUDY
AREAS SPACES
COMMON SPACE DINING,KITCHEN,LIVING ROOM,HOBBY ROOM, HOME THEATER ,
SIT-OUT,GYMNASIUM,PUJA ROOM,BAR,LOUNGE,LIFT,
SWIMMING POOL
PRIVATE SPACE BEDROOM, TOILET,BATHROOM. CHANGING ROOM
OTHERS SECURITY ROOM,STORE ROOM,UTILITY ROOM, ELECTRIC ROOM, PUMP ROOM
SPACE ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING
GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

54. CASE STUDY
SUSTAINABILITY
DESIGN BASED ON
SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLE
➢HAD FOLLOWED THE PATH OF
LESS NEGATIVE IMPACT.
➢USE OF SOLAR PANELS FOR
ENERGY
➢WATER BODY INDUCEMENT TO
CONTROL TEMPERATURE.
INFERENCES
➢CREATION OF DISABLED
FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT.
➢PROPER MANAGEMENT OF
LAND FORMS AND EXISTING
TREES.
➢CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE
USING WATER
BODY,VOIDS,LIGHT COLOURS
AND ENHANCING USE OF
TERRACE,BALCONIES,COURTY
ARDS.
➢CONCEPT OF USING LIGHT AS
MATERIAL TO MAKE THE
BUILDING DYNAMIC..
➢CREATION OF PLEASING
VISUAL,TANGIBLE,AUDIO
EFFECT.

55. CONTENT FALLING WATER BARDI HOUSE AQUA GRID MATO GHAR TADHE GHAR
AREA 5330FT² 7000FT
2
4500 FT² 2500 SQ.FT(BUILT
UP)
1254FT
2
LOCATION MILLRUN,PENNSYLVANIA,US
A
MORUMBI,SAO
PAULO, BRAZIL
PUNE.INDIA BUDHANILKANTHA,
KATHMANDU,NEPA
L
JHUMKA,SUNSARI
CIRCULATION ●STAIRCASE FOR
VERTICAL
CIRCULATION
●HORIZONTAL ALONG
LIVING IN FIRST FLOOR
AND CORRIDE IN
SECOND FLOOR.
➢STEEL
STAIRCASE FOR
VERTICAL
CIRCULATION
➢CORRIDOR FOR
HORIZONTAL
CIRCULATION
WITHIN THE
FLOOR
➢HORIZONTAL
CIRCULATION
ALONG
LIVINGS IN
AXIAL FORM.
➢VERTICAL
CIRCULATION
VISIBLE
THROUGH
ALMOST ALL
SPACES
●HORIZONTAL
CIRCULATION
THROUGH
LONG
CORRIDOR TO
OTHER
ROOMS.
➢HORIZONTAL
CIRCULATION
ALONG
PASSAGE
➢VERTICAL
CIRCULATION
THROUGH
STAIR
SUSTAINABILITY ●LOCALLY AVAILABLE
MATERIALS USES
●INTEGRATED WELL
WITH NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
➢SELF
SUFFICIENT
WITH
DAYLIGHT
WITH WIDE
WINDOWS OF
FACADE
➢PROVISION OF
INTERNAL
COURTYARD
➢PRESERVING
EXISTING
TREES
➢USE OF SOLAR
PANE
PASSIVE
STRATEGIES
TO CONTROL
TEMPERATURE
,
●PASSIVE
SOLAR
STRATEGIES
●RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
●SOLAR CELL
●WASTEWATER
MANAGEMEN
T
●PERMACULTU
RE
●ECONOMICALLY
BUILT WITH
LOCALLY
AVAILABLE
BUILDING
MATERIAL
●SELF
SUFFICIENT
WITH GAS
FROM COW
SHADE
BUILDING MATERIALSSTONE,WOOD,
GLASS,STEEL,
CONCRETE
GLASS,METAL,
CONCRETE
STONE,GRANITE
STONE,GLASS,
WOOD
RAMMED
EARTH,SUN DRIED
BRICK,STONE.BAMB
OO,STYROFOAM,LIN
SEED
OIL,GLASSWOOL
WOOD(SAL), BRICKS,
METAL(TIN)
COMPARISON

56. THING THAT CAN BE
APPLIED IN DESIGN
●DESIGN
RELATABLE TO
SITE CONTEXT
●CREATE
CONNECTION
BETWEEN
INTERIOR SPACE
AND
SURROUNDING
●USE OF
MATERIAL
RELATED TO SITE
➢INTERNAL
COURTYARD FOR
PROPER
THERMAL
CONTROL
➢WELL ISOLATED
PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE SPACES
➢CREATION OF
VOIDS AND
DOUBLE
HEIGHTED
SPACE.
➢CREATION OF
AUDIO,VISUAL
EFFECT.
➢CREATION OF
TEMPLE TANKS
●USE OF PASSIVE
SOLAR
STRATEGY TO
CREATE CLIMATE
RESPONSIVE
DESIGN
●USE OF GREEN
TECHNOLOGIES
TO MINIMIZE
AND RECYCLE
WASTE,
CONSERVE
ENERGY, AND
BECOME SELF-
RELIANT.
●USE OF LOCAL
MATERIAL
●RESPONSE TO
CLIMATIC
CONDITION
●ENERGY
EFFICIENT
MATERIAL THAT
REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTA
L IMPACT

57. SITE ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVE
●TO COLLECT EFFICIENT PROCESS FOR DESIGNING.
●TO DISCOVER RELATION AMONG ASSOCIATED FACTOR IN SITE.
●TO CONCEPTUALIZE THE DESIGN WITH MAXIMUM KNOWLEDGE OF SITE.
SITE INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
LOCATION-DHARAN-8,SUNSARI
AREA-675.54 M SQ
LATITUDE-26.8065
.
N
LONGITUDE-87.2846. E
ORIENTATION-NORTH-WEST
NEAREST LANDMARK-SWIMMING POOL
PROJECT-RESIDENCE
OWNERSHIP-PRIVATE LAND
PROPOSED
SITE
PRECIPITATION
●AVERAGE-1796 MM PER YEAR
●490MM (MAX) IN JULY
●6MM (MIN) IN DECEMBER
SITE CLIMATE
TYPE
HUMID SUBTROPICAL
ALTITUDE
1083 FT ABOVE SEA LEVEL
SOLAR ANGLE
●86°(SUMMER)
●39°(WINTER)
TEMPERATURE
●25.4 C JUNE (AVG.MAX)
●14.2 C JAN (AVG.MIN)
WIND(ANNUAL)

58. SITE ANALYSIS

59. UTILITIES
●SEWAGE ON NORTH SIDE ON ROAD AND TO BE CONSTRUCTED TOWARD
WEST SIDE OF SITE.
●AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY,GAS SERVICES.
●LESS WATER SUPPLY (WATER SCARCITY TIMELY.(DRINKING WATER FROM
DHARAN SUB-METROPOLITAN.
●INTERNET AND TELEPHONE SERVICE FROM DIFFERENT SERVICE
PROVIDERS.
ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY POLE AT
THE JUNCTION
NEIGHBOURING CONTEXT
MATERIALS
●EXPOSED BRICKS,CONCRETE,METAL ,WOOD
-EXISTING RESIDENCE BUILDING USUALLY GROUND
FLOOR PROVIDED TO STUDENTS FOR RENT
-TAILOR SHOP AT OPPOSITE OF SITE
-ROAD UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON WEST SIDE.
-COMMERCIAL SWIMMING POOL NEAR SITE.
-MINI GARDEN SYSTEM
-MODERN STYLE WITH SLOPED AND FLAT ROOF
CIRCULATION
NORTH ROAD 8M FOR THE EXCESS OF VEHICLE AND
PEOPLE TO THE SITE AND ROAD ON WEST.
WEST
NORTH
HUMAN AND CULTURE
-DIVERSE COMMUNITY IN TERMS OF
ETHNICITY,CULTURE,TRADITION.
SENSORY
●NOISES CAN APPROACH FROM
NORTH ROAD VEHICLE
●USUALLY PEACEFUL AREA
●VIEW CONSIDERING NORTH HILL
●EXISTING BUILDINGS BLOCKS VIEW
FROM EAST SIDE
●POSITIVE VIEW OF SITE AT JUNCTION
FROM ROADS
CONTOUR
SLIGHTLY SLOPPY FROM NORTH TO SOUTH

60. DESIGN GENERATION AND LIMITATION
BUILT UP AREA, FORM, SHAPE IS AFFECTED BY:
●HEIGHT OF ADJACENT BUILDING
●BY LAWS LIMITATION PLUS DISTANCE FROM EXISTING
BUILDING
●AIR CIRCULATION IN RESPONSE TO EXISTING BUILDING
APPROACH IN RESPONSE TO THE
EXISTING ROAD:
PROVISION OF GATE TO THE
DESIGN
●LIMITATION TO AIR SPACE AT
THE PLACE OF EXISTING
BUILDING
●ALLOCATION OF
FUNCTIONAL SPACE
ACCORDING TO THE
LIMITATION
BUILDING BY LAWS
GROUND COVERAGE RATIO: 70% FLOOR AREA RATIO: 2.5
SETBACK: 3M
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING: 18M
MAXIMUM STORY: 5
RIGHT OF WAY: 10M
DEMERIT
●ELECTRICITY POLE RIGHT IN FRONT OF SITE
●EAST LIGHT BLOCKAGE BY EXISTING
RESIDENCE
●WATER SCARCITY DUE TO LOW WATER
LEVEL
MERIT
●NORTH ORIENTED SITE
CAN HELP CONTROL
TEMPERATURE DURING
SUMMER.
●ENOUGH DIFFUSED
LIGHT FROM NORTH.

61. THANK YOU