LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

IMMUNOLOGY - VACCINE- LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

1. BY D S SRIMATHI DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

2. LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES (LAV) Attenuation (bacterial or viral) represents the process of elimination or greatly reducing the virulence of a pathogen Achieved by 1. Growing a pathogenic bacterium or virus for prolonged periods under abnormal culture conditions . 2. Chemical Treatment or heat This selects mutants that are better suited for growth in the abnormal culture conditions than in the natural host . For example , an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was developed by growing medium containing increasing concentrations of bile. After 13 years, this strain had adapted to growth in strong bile and had become sufficiently attenuated that it was suitable as a vaccine for tuberculosis.

3. LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

4. BCG VACCINE Bacillus Calmette Guerin Live attenuated vaccine against Tuberculosis Induces Cell mediated immunity Available as lyophilised (freeze dried) powder , Reconstituted with sterile normal saline Dose – 0.05ml (neonates) , 0.1ml (infants and children) Route of administration – intradermal Papule at site of injection ( 2-3weeks ) Permanent tiny round scar 4-8mm diameter

5. ORAL POLIO VACCINE Poliovirus family of Picornaviridae . The virus invades the nervous system and can cause permanent paralysis  Types of Oral Polio Vaccines Trivalent OPV, Bivalent OPV, Monovalent OPV Sabin vaccine - growth in monkey kidney epithelial cells . Route of administration – Oral . Vaccine  T he first dose- 2 months second dose - 4 months    T hird dose- 6 through 18 months T he fourth dose- 4 through 6 years

6. MMRV VACCINE Measles Mumps Rubella Chickenpox Rubeola parotitis (german measles) Varicella family Paramyxoviridae family Paramyxoviridae family Togaviridae; family Orthopoxvirus highly contagious skin disease contagious disease contagious disease that occurs primarily in children five to nine years of age acute, contagious, and sometimes fatal disease The skin rash normally lasts about 5 to 10 days. Lesions of the oral cavity include the diagnostically useful bright-red Koplik’s spots Mumps affects the parotid glands,swelling salivary glands below and in front of the ears A rash of small red spots A red, itchy skin rash with blisters Fever Feeling tired Not feeling hungry Headache

7.   first dose 12 - 15 months   second dose 4 - 6 years Children ages 1 - 12 years can get the MMRV vaccine, which is a combination vaccine that also protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox . Vaccine : CHICKENPOX

8. ROTAVIRUS (RV) VACCINE R otavirus vaccine  is given orally 2- 4 months for childrens

9. YELLOW FEVER acute viral haemorrhagic disease Family Flaviviridae " yellow " in the name refers to the jaundice caused by a virus that is spread through mosquito bites

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