Logic Building with Coding: From basics to advanced

This content focuses on the development of logical reasoning skills essential for programming. Logic building is a fundamental aspect of coding, enabling programmers to create efficient algorithms and solve complex problems. Understanding how to structure logical arguments and apply them in programming can significantly enhance one's ability to write effective code.

1. LEARNING TO CODE: SIMPLIFYING THE PROCESS

2. CONTENTS FLOWCHARTS: VISUALISING PROBLEM SOLVING PSEUDOCODE:PLANNING YOUR CODE INTRODUCTION FROM PSEUDOCODE TO PYTHON 1 2 3 4

3. INTRODUCTION Coding is not about memorization; it’s about logic and problem-solving. Traditional learning vs. practical coding.

4. THE LEARNING DILEMMA Many learn coding by memorizing like traditional subjects This approach hinders deep understanding and practical application in software engineering. PROBLEM OF MEMORIZATION Software engineering requires doing and understanding, not just memorizing Logic building is the critical foundation. SOFTWARE ENGINEERS LIFESTYLE

5. LEARNING TO CODE VS. ACADEMIC LEARNING Many new programmers struggle with the transition from academic learning to practical coding. In school, we memorize information for exams and often forget it afterward. But programming requires a different approach. Key difference: No one memorizes code! Professional software engineers don't commit syntax to memory - they understand logic and know how to apply it.

6. BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROGRAMMING LOGIC Flowcharts Visual representations that break down processes into smaller steps, making complex problems easier to understand. Pseudocode Human-readable instructions written in plain English that outline the logic without worrying about syntax. Real Code Converting pseudocode into a programming language like Python, implementing the logic with proper syntax. By mastering these building blocks, you'll develop a solid foundation for solving any programming challenge.

7. UNDERSTANDING ALGORITHMS An algorithm is simply a sequence of instructions to solve a particular problem. Let's use a simple example: making a cup of coffee. Coffee Algorithm: Take 1 tsp of sugar & 1 tsp of Coffee Mix cane sugar and coffee powder in a glass Heat for 2 mins Add water Enjoy!

8. Group Activity: Algorithm Brainstorming: Before we continue, let's practice what we've learned with a group activity! Form Groups Create teams of students Choose a Daily Task Select a simple everyday activity (making tea, getting ready for school, etc.) Create an Algorithm List all steps required to complete the task in sequence Present Share your algorithm with the class and discuss any steps that might be missing

9. FLOWCHART COMPONENTS START/END (TERMINATOR) Oval-shaped boxes that mark the beginning and end of a process. INPUT/OUTPUT Parallelogram-shaped boxes used for reading data or displaying results. PROCESS Rectangle boxes for calculations, assignments, and data processing. DECISION Diamond-shaped boxes for conditions that branch the flow based on true/false outcomes. End   Start Read N Print N

10. ACTIVITY – MATCH THE FOLLOWING Symbol Description 1. Oval A. Represents a decision point (e.g., Yes/No). 2. Parallelogram B. Indicates a process or action step. 3. Rectangle C. Shows the start or end of a flowchart. 4. Diamond D. Used for input/output (e.g., user input).

11. IDENTIFY THE MISTAKES

12. CORRECTED VERSION

13. EXAMPLE: SIMPLE INTEREST CALCULATION Let's apply our flowchart knowledge to calculate simple interest using the formula: Where P is principal, R is rate of interest, and T is time in years. The flowchart shows how we: Start the process Read the input values (P, R, T) Calculate using the formula Display the result End the process

14. DECISION MAKING IN FLOWCHARTS The decision box (rhombus) is crucial for creating branching logic in your programs. It allows your code to take different paths based on conditions. For example: "Is the weather rainy?" If yes, take an umbrella. If no, wear sunglasses. In programming, these decisions use comparison operators like: Equal to (==) Less than (<) Greater than (>) Less than or equal to (<=) Is sum >10 YES

15. Loops allow us to repeat actions multiple times. Let's examine how to find the sum of numbers from 1 to N: Initialize sum = 0 and i = 1 Check if i <= N If yes, add i to sum and increment i Repeat until i > N Print the final sum For example, if N = 4, we calculate 1+2+3+4 = 10 IMPLEMENTING LOOPS IN FLOWCHARTS

16. ACTIVITY: FLOWCHART CHALLENGE Practice creating flowcharts by solving these problems: Temperature Converter Create a flowchart that converts Celsius to Fahrenheit or vice versa based on user input Grade Calculator Design a flowchart that takes marks as input and outputs the corresponding grade (A, B, C, etc.) ATM Simulator Develop a flowchart for an ATM that allows users to check their balance, deposit, or withdraw money

17. PSEUDOCODE Pseudocode is a human-readable description of an algorithm written in plain English. It serves as a bridge between flowcharts and actual code, Allows writing language-independent solutions Get code reviewed by non-programmers Structure your thinking before implementation Quickly verify your logic works

18. COFFEE MAKING(PSEUDOCODE): Sugar = input() Coffee = input() Mixture = Add(sugar, coffee) Heat(Mixture) Mixture = Mixture + Water Enjoy! FROM PSEUDOCODE TO PYTHON

19. Pseudocode: Read N i=1 sum = 0 while i<=N { sum = sum + i i = i + 1 } Print sum exit Python Code: N = int(input()) i = 1 Sum = 0 while i<=N: val = int(input()) Sum = Sum + val i = i + 1 print(Sum)

20. KEY TAKEAWAYS Focus on Logic, Not Memorization Professional programmers understand concepts rather than memorizing syntax. They know how to solve problems, not recite code. Break Down Problems Use flowcharts and pseudocode to decompose complex problems into manageable steps before writing actual code. Master the Building Blocks Understanding fundamental concepts like variables, conditions, and loops will prepare you for any programming language.

21. PSEUDOCODE TRANSLATION Given is a Python code snippet. Students "reverse-engineer" it into pseudocode.

22. ACTIVITY SOLUTION Set num to 7. Set is_prime to True. For each number i from 2 to num-1: If num is divisible by i: Set is_prime to False. Exit loop. Print is_prime.