Logics for non monotonic reasoning-ai

Logics for non monotonic reasoning

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY Department of Information Technology Logics For Non-monotonic Reasoning Student Name(Enroll No): Shaishav Shah(170120116094) Name of Faculty: Prof. Anirudhdha Nayak AI(2180703)

2. Non-monotonic Reasoning A non-monotonic logic is a formal logic whose consequence logic is not monotonic. Logic is non-monotonic if the truth of a preposition may change when new information (axioms) is added. Allows statement to be retracted. Used to formalize plausible (believable) reasoning.

3. Example 1 Birds typically fly. Tweety is a bird. Tweety (presumably) flies. Conclusion of non-monotonic argument may not be correct.

4. Example 2 If Tweety is a penguin, it is incorrect to conclude that Tweety flies. (incorrect because, in example 1, default rules when case-specific information was not available.) All monotonic reasoning are concerned with consistency. Inconsistency is resolved, by removing the relevant conclusion(s) derived by the default rules, as shown in the n ext example.

5. Example 3 The truth value(true or false), of prepositions such as “Tweety is a bird” accepts default that is normally true, such as “Birds typically fly”. A conclusion is derived was “Tweety flies”. When an inconsistency is recognized, only the truth value of the last type is changed.

6. Thank You