Long bean ( Vigna unguiculata )

1. LONG BEAN Vigna unguiculata K.K.I.Jayasundara R.Virubinnya

2. Introduction

3. Botanical name: Vigna unguiculata Common name: Long bean Family: Leguminaceae Origin: South west China Annual legume crop

4. Other Common Names : Snake Bean , Chinese Long Bean , Long- Podded Cowpea Season of growth: Summer growing Altitude range: grow well up to 1500m elevation Rainfall requirement: 750-1100mm Soil requirement: Moist well- drained soil

5. Nutritional value Young, immature pods are one of very low calorie vegetables The pods contain large quantities of soluble and insoluble fibers Fresh beans contain a good amount of vitamin C long beans are excellent sources of vitamin A yard long beans provide average amounts of minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, calcium, magnesium

6. Crop recommendations

7. Land preparation Plough the land well Prepare beds In-row spacing-15-40 cm Between row spacing-60-150 cm Rows should make from north to south to get full exposure to sun rays

8. Should be plant after all danger of frost is past Direct seeding is practiced Generally planted in drilled rows 20-42 inches apart Field establishment

9. At planting time soil should be wet nearly its carrying capacity Usually 3-4 time irrigations are necessary after planting until seedlings have emerged Irrigation for the season should cease when ¼ of bean pods have turned yellow Irrigation

10. Trellises Staking or trellising is required for long and straight fruits and ease of harvest The trellis is removed at the end-of-the season Special requirements for growth habit

11. Harvested when most of pods have turned yellow but before they are dry enough to shatter from pods. Harvest Scheduling : Multiple harvests from the same planting Harvesting

12. Hand harvest or machine harvest Mostly Hand harvest is practiced Quality parameters/grades : No established grades. Quality is determined by the market. Different ethnic groups prefer different stages of maturity

13. Harvest pods every one to three days, depending on air temperatures. Pods are usually sold in bundles tied at the stem end

14. Diseases

15. Bacteria blight Symptoms- spots that may enlarge rapidly and produce dead areas on leaves Causal agent- Xanthomonas phaseoli Control measures- plant blight- free seeds, some resistant varieties

16. Anthracnose Symptoms- dark colored areas appear on leaves. Most serious in wet seasons. Causal agent- Collectrobrichum lindemuthianum Control measures- use of disease free seeds, resistant varieties, crop rotations

17. Common bean mosaic Symptoms- mottling of leaves may form various patterns of dark green and light green areas. Leaves of infected plants may be curled downward . Control measures- resistant varieties

18. Insect pests

19. Bean weevil Acanthascelides obtectus Damage storage and in the field Control measures- planting weevil free seeds, fumigation of infected seeds, field sanitation

20. Mexican bean beetle Ephilachna varivestris Control measures- with insecticides

21. Uses Culinary purposes Primarily used in South-east Asian countries Young leaves and stems are occasionally used as a cooked vegetable

22. References www.homevegetables.net.com www.greenseeds.com

23. Group members K.K.I.Jayasundara - UWU/EAG/11/0014 R.Virubinnya – UWU/EAG/11/0008

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