Louis henry sullivan

casestudy

1. WOLKITE university Department of architecture LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN 1856-1924 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE II BY BIRUK TIGISTU TO AR WENDMAGEGN

2. LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN “ Form follows function “ father of skyscrapers father of modernism One of the recognized trinity of American architecture

3. Born September 3 , 1856 Boston,Massachuset ts,USA. studied Masatuset institute of Architecture Influenced by Henry Hobson Richardson Influenced Frank Lloyd Wright Died April 14, 1924 ( aged 67) Chicago , Illinois , U.S.

4. design Ornament and structure were integral; their subtle rhythm sustained a high emotional tension, yet produced a sense of serenity. But the building's identity resided in the ornament Sullivan's philosophy that " form follows function" became one of the basic principles of twentieth century architecture, and was one of the foundations of Prairie School style

5. • Chicago’s Great Fire broke out in 1871. He saw opportunity for great architecture in the city’s ruins. • Sullivan was the architect who ultimately developed the most distinctive treatment for tall buildings. He saw the problem of taking structures ever higher as the most important challenge to architects of his era. • Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the Sullivan’s apprentices from 1888- 1893. • Adler left partnership in July 1895 • Ornamentation was taken in consideration in his buildings.

6. • He wanted his creations to remind people of their bond to nature and to find sublime joy in that attachment. • He also believed that internal beauty is reflected externally and is its clear representation. • Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple geometric form decorated with ornamentation based on organic symbolism. • Considered one of the most influential forces in the Chicago School, his philosophy that form should always follow function went beyond functional and structural expressions .

7. He uses simple GEOMETRIC FORMS But highly ORNAMENTAL Decorated with ornamentation based on ORGANIC SYMBOISM PHILOSOPHY- •TRIPPLERATIONALITY FUNCTIONAL TECHNICAL SOCIOLOGICAL

8. Sullivan developed a style of ornamentation reflected nature through symmetrical use of stylized foliage & weaving geometric forms

9. Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arch Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career—in shaping entrances , in framing windows , or as interior design . various

10. It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, Of all things physical and metaphysical, Of all things human, and all things super-human, Of all true manifestations of the head, Of the heart, of the soul, That the life is recognizable in its expression, That FORM EVER FOLLOWS FUNCTION . This is the law FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION The principle is that the shape of a building or object should be primarily based upon its function or purpose. Louis Sullivan believed that the exterior of a building should reflect its interiors and its interior functions

11. The underlying idea behind this philosophy is “ efficiency”. Efficiency in materials, space planning and ornamentation provides a way to minimize the cost of construction and increase the profit margin. The idea of efficiency suddenly became central to the high rise architecture because of modular construction that greatly supports repetition

12. Sullivan's legacy is contradictory. He is the first modernist. • Louis Sullivan is widely considered America's first truly modern architect. Instead of imitating historic styles , he created original forms and details. Older architectural styles were designed for buildings that were wide , but Sullivan was able to create aesthetic unity in buildings that were tall

13. . • Sullivan's designs often used masonry walls with terra cotta designs. Intertwining vines and leaves combined with crisp geometric shapes. • In his last years, Sullivan seemed willing to abandon ornament altogether in favor of honest massing. • His stripped-down, technology-driven, forward-looking designs clearly anticipate the issues and solutions of Modernism.

14. D E C O R AT I O N IN TERRA COTTA Done By L . S u l l i v a n

15. STEEL FRAME & SULLIVAN Louis Sullivan was the first architect to find the right form for a steel Highrise. The steel girder was the form for the steel high-rise . The steel frame allowed • taller buildings with larger window, •which meant more interior day lighting , and more usable floor space

16.  Auditorium Building | 1886-1890  Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co. | 1899-1904  Wainwright Building | 1890-1891  Guaranty Building | 1894-1895  National Farmers' Bank | 1906-1908  Merchant's National Bank | 1913-1914  People's Savings and Loan Association Bank | 1919  Farmers' and Merchants' Union Bank | 1919 HIS WORK

17. Auditorium Building Architect - Louis H. Sullivan Location - Chicago, Illinois Date - 1886 to 1890 timeline Building Type - Civic Auditorium Construction System - Bearing masonry Climate - Temperate Main features - 10 stories high, load-bearing masonry construction

18. T he Auditorium was built for a syndicate of businessmen to house a large civic opera house ” . •To provide an economic base it was decided to wrap the auditorium with a hotel and office block. •Hence Adler & Sullivan had to plan a complex multiple-use building. •One of the most innovative features of the building was its massive raft foundation, designed by Adler, over a clayey soil central space were 136 offices and a 400-room hotel, In the center of the building was a 4,300 seat

19. Carson Pirie Scott Store Architect - Louis H. Sullivan Location - Chicago, Illinois Date - 1899 to 1904 timeline Building Type - Department store Climate – Temperate Style - Early Modern Main feature - Tall with rounded corner

20. • Instead of a stack of undifferentiated office rooms, the department store required broad horizontal open spaces where goods could be displayed. •At the ground floor the windows were to be showcases highlighting selected wares. •Ground floor windows richly encrusted with cast iron frames by Sullivan and his assistant Elms lie

21. He went into a financial and emotional decline, be set by alcoholism, chronic financial problems and shortage of commissions. He died in a Chicago hotel room on April 14,1924 DECLINE

22. THANK YOU