Louis isadore kahn

Architecture
Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban
Yale university Art gallery

1. LOUIS ISADORE KAHN (Itze-Lieb Schmnilowsky) Prepared by: Rabi Shilpakar(073 BAE 225) Stoj Shakya(073 BAE 241)

2. INDEX BIOGRAPHY TURNING POINT PHILOSOPHY MOST ADMIRED PROJECTS YALE UNIVERSITY ART GALLERY JAITYA SANGSAD BHAWAN CONCLUSIONS

3. BIOGRAPHY Birth: February 20,1901 AD in Saaremaa, Estonia Nationality: American (immigrated from Russia at the age of 5 ) Parents: Leib Schmwuilowsky and Bertha Mendelsohn Spouse: Esther Children: Nathaniel K ahn Death: March 17,1974 AD at the age of 74 Due to Cardiac Arrest Awards: AIA Gold medal in 1971 AD RIBA Gold medal in 1972 Ad

4. EDUCATION: graduated in architecture at the University of Pennsylvania in 1924 when the Beaux Arts was fading and modern architecture was rising . OCCUPATION: worked in various firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own firm in 1935 AD Professor of architecture and design critic at Yale school of architecture and at the University of Pennsylvania Louis’ mission in life is to develop the tools that allow him to be truly helpful to others. Louis Kahn is blessed with musical talent, as well as in the visual and performing arts.

5. TURNING POINT In 1950-51 AD, Kahn was the architect in residence at the American Academy in Rome, which is considered to be a high point in his career. During this period, he also visited Greece and Egypt. Inspired by the ancient ruins and Renaissance buildings he had seen, Kahn would use classical architecture’s solid forms and durable materials in his work, combining these timeless forms with modern techniques. He established his own style as influenced by former contemporary movements.

6. PHILOSOPHY Starting with the conclusion and then working back to the beginning . Purity of materials His heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Forms characterizes the conceptual essence of one project from another Enjoys massiveness Light / no light

7. His architecture was the amalgam of his Beaux Arts education and a personal aesthetic impulse to develop his own architectural forms. Influenced by ancient ruins, Kahn’s style tends to monumental and monolithic . He categorized his spaces into ‘served ’ and ‘servant’ spaces Served space : areas where occupants live or work like commercial spaces, living spaces, kitchens, bedrooms Servant space : functional areas like stairwells, corridors, lifts, storage spaces, restrooms, courtyards, etc.

8. MOST ADMIRED PROJECTS Kimbell Art museum (1967-1962) Phillips Exeter Academy Library (1965-1972) Yale University Art Gallery (1951-1953) Margaret Esherick House (1959-1961) Yale Center For British Art (1969-1974) Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban (1962-1974) First Unitarian Church Of Rochester (1959-1965)

9. Richards Medical Research Laboratory (1957-1965) Trenton Bath House (1954-1959) Wharton Esherick Museum (1926-1966) Flora Lamson Hewlett Library (1981-1987) Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedom (1972-1974) Indian Institute of management (1962) Salk institute for biological studies (1959-1966) Nepal family planning and maternal child health welfare building in Kathmandu is one of the buildings designed by Louis I. Kahn

10. YALE UNIVERSITY ART GALLERY

11. GENERAL INFORMATION : Location: Chapel Street, New Heaven, USA Construction period: 1951-1953 AD Expansion cost: $135 million Total area: 1.61 acres ( 6500 sq. meters) Architectural Style: Modern Architecture Architect: Louis Kahn

12. HISTORY Gallery was founded in 1832 Street hall was designed by Peter Bonnett Wight in 1866. In 1926 a new building was constructed which was designed by Egerton Swartwout . In 1953 Louis Kahn designed the renowned modernist building that is adjacent to the two neo-Gothic structures . Currently the building consists of three interconnected structures: the gothic building, The Hall Street and the main building designed by Louis Kahn.

13. DESCRIPTION 1 st major commission for Louis Kahn & 1 st masterpiece Designed when he was invited as a critic at the school of architecture at the Yale University. Constructed of brick, concrete, glass, and steel, and a windowless wall along its most public façade. Building’s interior is characterized by a system of precast concrete roof that houses the gallery lighting and ventilation. T he roof gives the interior a rich and changing quality. The building included open spaces for the exhibition of art and studio spaces for use by art and architecture students.

14. PLAN

15. SECTIONAL VIEW

16. THE STAIRCASE The staircase is a triangle of three stages involved in a cylinder Noting the stairs from upper floor is it was designed and executed in vertical drop into deep space Staircase is topped with triangular element with a key role for the entry of light

17. CONCEPT Used concepts like symmetry, clear separation between served space and servant spaces. New vocabulary based on the triangle and circle.

18. JATIYA SANGSAD BHABAN (NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BUILDING)

19. GENERAL INFORMATIONS: Location: Dhaka, Bangladesh Construction period: 1961-1982 Cost: US $32 million Area: 200 acres ( 800,000 sq. meter) Architectural style: Modern, Monumental Structural system: Reinforced concrete, brickwork

20. Architect : Louis Kahn and Muzharul Islam ( co- architect ) Kahn died when the project was approx. three quarters completed, observed by David Wisdom & Henry Wilcots Associates after death. Structural Engineer: Keast and Hood and Harry Palmbaum Mechanical Engineer: D’Ambly Contractors: Engineers LTD. Dhaka, Bangladesh Labor: 100% domestic where 20% skilled

21. Where Architect Gets The Idea About Sangsad Bhaban: The architect observed both the vernacular and monumental archetypes of the region. He abstracted and transformed his observations in such a way that the building has both modern character and Bangladeshi character from many eras and civilizations.

22. DESCRIPTION The artificial lake around the building is to portray the riverine beauty of Bangladesh and also adds to the aesthetic value of the site. the outer wall punctuated by pure geometrical openings, shaping the building’s overall impact No paint or plaster used to maintain the purity of the surface. Mass of the concrete lined with marble stripes One of the 20 th century’s most significant buildings One of the largest legislative complexes in the world.

23. PLAN

24. SECTIONAL FRONT VIEW

25. The Main Building: Consists of 9 individual blocks 8 peripheral blocks (height= 110 ft) Central octagonal block (height= 155 ft) used as the Assembly chamber having only one column. All the blocks are inter-linked by corridors, lifts, stairs, light courts, circular areas.

26. The main building at the center of the complex is divided into three parts A. The main plaza: 18.89 acres ( 76,000 sq. meter) B. South plaza: 5.12 acres ( 21,000 sq. meter) C. Presidential plaza: 1.49 acres ( 6,000 sq. meter) A C B

27. The Main Plaza: The most important part is The Parliament Chamber ( max. height= 117 ft.) The roof is a parabolic shell roof with a large clearance to let in daylight. To provide zero obstruction to the entry of natural light, the artificial lighting was carefully devised by suspending a chandelier consisting metallic web like structure that supports the lights.

28. The South Plaza: Faces the Manik Mia Avenue Gradually rises to a height of 20’ Serves as a beautiful exterior as well as main entrance. The Presidential Plaza: Lies to the north and faces the lake road Serves as a private plaza for MP’s and other dignitaries.

29. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY The key design philosophy was to represent Bangladeshi culture and heritage, while at the same time optimizing the use of space.

30. CONCLUSION Used different shape, lines and natural light to create his masterpiece. Among his most famous creations, he seems to favor both parallel and perpendicular lines.He has his own style and his creations are legendary through the use of geometry. The forms he uses in his designs aren’t complex. He has created both beautiful works of art, and useful establishments, for the whole world to enjoy.

31. ANY QUESTIONS

32. THANK YOU