Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole, france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY.He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris.Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”

1. HISTORY AND DISCOVERIS OF LOUIS PASTUER

2. HISTORY Louis pasteur was born on 27 th december 1822, in dole, france . He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY. He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris . Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”

3. * He gave the term crystallography. * Described the process of fermentation. * He showed atmospheric air contains micro-organism in his experiment. ( swan-necked ) * Gave the term pasteurisation . * He managed to isolate the microbes * He gave the germ theory of disease. * Developed vaccine against rabies. * He discovered the anthrax disease and pebrin disease(silk worm disease). Louis P asteur’s discoveries

4. First discovery(crystallography ) Louis P asteur made the first discovery in 1848 in the field of crystallography. Using the glass and tweezers, pasteur carried out the observation of crystals tartrates. Tartaric acid or tartrates is an organic compound, formed two types of crystals,that could be separate microscopically. In this way louis discover the secert construction of tartaric acid.

5. PROCESS OF FERMENTATION Pasteur became intersted in why the local wines in france were turning sour. In 1854, pasteur concentrated on the fermentation process. Other chemist belived that the fermentation of grape juice was a natural chemical process. But pasteur denied it. He came to conclusion that it was a biological process, during which yeast was reproduced, pasteur observe under microscope some of oval yeast cells, and barely some rods commonly called bacteria. He belived that yeast played major role in fermentation process.

6. Some chemical reactions shows the process of fermentation ALBUMIN SOLUTION  INCUBATION NO FERMENTATION. 2 . Grape juice incubation no fermentation. Grape juice + pure yeast  incubation wine + yeasts . Grape juice + yeast heat no fermentation. Grape juice + yeast + bacteria incubation sour wine Grape juice+ yeast+bacteria  heat yeast added incubation good wine. From this chemical reaction we can see that yeast and bacteria could bring about important chemical changes. Yeast appeared to the vital to fermentation process and the bacteria made the wine sour.

7. Fermentation process shows that alcohol would be produced from grape-yeast mixtures. Using heat will destroyed the yeasts, whereupon alcohol failed to appear in the grape juice, now when yeast were returned to the flasks, fermentation took place, wine was formed, if we eliminate the bacteria wine would not become sour.

8. Atmospheric air contains micro-organism He showed that atmospheric air contains micro-organism and that can also be found in substances such as sugared water, which comes into contact with the air. He heated and boiled water in glass flasks with curved neck, it turned out that life appears in the flask in the liquid,until the contact with the air.

9. Defeat to spontaneous generation (swan - necked experiment) 1. Flask containing sterile broth/ liq media -  opened to air  life appears. 2. Flask containing sterile broth  neckes sealed  no life appears. 3. Flask containing sterile broth  its side arm opened to air but heated  no life aapears . T he flask were left open to allow entry of any life present in untreated air. The curvature of the neck prevented the microbes from reaching the broth/media.

10. EXPERIMENT OF SWAN-NECKED FLASK Louis P asteur first showed that as air became purer, fewer microbes could be located. His swan-necked flask provided the final defeat to the “ spontaneous generation theory. ”

11. Pasteurisation is the process that kills microbes in food and drink such as milk, juice, canned food. Today pasteurisation is used widely in the dairy industry. Pasteurisation is not intended to kill all micro-organism in the food,instead it aim to reduce the number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to cause disease. PASTEURISATION

12. ANTHRAX Louis P asteur discover the immunity in sheep against anthrax disease. Anthrax is an infectious disease that affect cattle,sheep and other livestock that can be transmitted to man. During that time anthrax was responsible for killing large population of sheep in france . Pasteur supposed that if it were possible to give an animal a mild attack, this meight be sufficient to prevent the animal from getting the disease later on. GERM THEORY OF DISEASES

13. Pasteur hypothesis was correct. He eventually succeeded in producing a mild weakend , harmless culture of anthrax, bacteria. He then took this culture and vaccinated hundreds of livestocks ,and they were then immune to the disease.

14. SILK WORM( PEBRINE) I n middle of the 19 th century, a disease had attacked french silkworm nurseries. S ilkworm eggs no longer be produced in france . P asteur knew virtually nothing about silkworm, but he soon became expert silkworm breeder and identified the organism that can caused the silkworm disease.

15. After five years of research, he succeeded in saving the silk industry through a method that enabled the preservation of healthy silkworm eggs and prevented their contamination b y the disease causing orgainsm .

16. Vaccine ( rabies) Pasteur is pre- dominatly well-known for his work with rabies also known as hydrophobia. Rabies is a highly infectious disease that attacks the cental nervous system. Many people have the misconception that those who have rabies act like a wild dog, barking and howling.

17. Rabies enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or infected saliva. On july 6,1885 pasteur tested his new rabies vaccine on man for the first time. Joseph M eister was a young man who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur gave Meister the rabies vaccine and saved his life.